Phương pháp nâng cao hiệu quả ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin và dạy học

PHUON G HUON G NAN G CA O HIE U QU A

U N G DUN G CON G NGH E THON G TI N VA O DA Y HO C

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O TS. DUONG Tl£N SY *

Bp GD-DT dd quyet dinh chon chu de ndm

hoc 2008-2009 Id «Ndm hoc dng dyng

cdng nghe thdng tin (CNTT)" de ndng cao

chdt luqng gidng dqy vd ddi mdi co che qudn li

tdi chinh trong ngdnh. Tuy nhien, nhung nghien

cuu ung dyng CNTT vdo dqy hoc cdc mdn hoc

a nude ta cdn tan man vd chua cd djnh hudng

tdt. Tren the gidi, viec dua tin hoc vdo nhd trudng

dd hinh thdnh 2 xu hudng: Dua tin hoc vdo ndi

dung dqy hoc vd su dyng mdy vi tinh nhu phuang

tien dqy hoc (PTDH). Trong dd, ngudi ta dqc

biet quan tdm den viec phdn biet giua dqy hoc

ve mdy tinh vd dqy hoc vdi sy trq giup cua

mdy tinh. Nhdt Ban dd xdc djnh vai trd cua mdy

tinh dung de hd trq qua trinh gido dye Id rdt

quan trqng vd dd ddu tu theo hudng ndy vdi tdc

dd phdt trien nhanh chdng.

Tuy nhien, viec su dyng mdy vi tinh nhu PTDH

can phai nhdn mqnh yeu td phuang phdp dqy

hoc (PPDH). Mudn djnh hudng dung ddn viec

ung dyng CNTT vdo dqy hoc nhdm ddi mdi

PPDH, trudc het can cdn cu vdo 2 uu diem chinh

cua CNTT Id: - Ve mat IcT thudt thi CNTT Id phuang

tien dqy hoc hieu qua, vi nd cd khd ndng tich

hqp truyen thdng da phuang tien: tich hqp giua

CNTT vd truyen thdng, cdng nghe Multimedia,

cdng nghe tri thuc, giao tiep ngudi - mdy, phdn

mem chuyen dyng, soqn thdo tdi lieu hoc tap,

qudn trj du lieu, bdng tinh dien tu, trinh chieu

PowerPoint,...; - Ve tiem ndng su phqm thi CNTT

co khd ndng kich thich hung thu hoc tap thdng

qua cdc khd ndng kT thudt neu tren; gdp phdn td

chuc, dieu khien qua trinh dqy hoc, hqp li hod

hoqt ddng dqy vd hoc,... qua dd md HS ty h"nh

hqi tri thuc, kT ndng, vd thdi do. Day chinh Id

yeu td PPDH.

Nhu vdy, viec ung dyng CNTT khdng ddng

nhdt vdi viec ddi mdi PPDH. CNTT Id phuang tien

tqo thudn Iqi cho viec trien khai PPDH tich cue.

De mot gid hoc cd ung dyng CNTT Id mot gid

hoc phdt huy tinh tich eye cua hoc sinh (HS), thi

dieu kien tien quyet Id viec khai thdc CNTT phai

dam bdo cdc yeu cdu vd tinh dqc trung cua PPDH

tich cue md gido vien (GV) lya chon, nghTa Id HS

duqc tqo ca hdi hoqt ddng tich cue vd kien thuc

Id do HS kien tqo dudi sy hudng ddn cua GV vdi

sy trq giup cua mdy tinh. Cdn cu vdo 2 uu diem

chinh cua CNTT ve mat kT thudt vd ve tiem ndng

su phqm nhu phdn tich d tren md ta cd the xdc

djnh phuang hudng ung dyng CNTT&TT vdo dqy

hoc theo cdc muc do sau:

1. Tiep can ung dyng Truyen dqt - hudng

ddn (Tutorial). Tiep can ndy hqn che tinh tuang

tdc giua ngudi vd mdy, nen chi mang tinh chdt

hd trq GV khi thuyet trinh, gidi thich, minh hoa,

gai md hay neu van de gdy hung thu hoc tap

hodc hudng dan HS su dyng tdi lieu hoc tap. Tdc

dyng chu yeu Id gdy hung thu, cho ngudi hoc,

tiet kiem thai gian gidng gidi,... Tiep can ndy tuy

cung cd ich Iqi thyc sy, nhung khdng the dem Iqi

sy chuyen bien cd y nghTa ve mat phuang phdp

vd chdt luqng dqy - hoc.

2. Tiep can ung dyng minh hoa - thyc hdnh

(Exploratory). Tiep can ndy co uu diem Id cd

tinh tuang tdc tuang ddi cao giua ngudi vd mdy,

cd the hd trq HS ty kiem tra, danh gid viec hnh

hqi tri thuc cua minh thdng qua tinh ndng rhdng

bdo ket qua cua mdy tinh, de tu dd ty dieu chinh

qua trinh hoc, Idm tdng ddn d HS tinh ty gidc,

chu ddng trong viec hnh hdi tri thuc. Tuy nhien,

tiep can ndy chi cd tdc dyng giup tdng cudng

tinh true quan cua bdi hoc chu khdng dem Iqi sy

thay ddi triet de ve phuang phdp tu duy vd bdi

dudng ndng lyc ty hoc cho HS. Nhung ung dyng

nhu tren xet ve bdn chdt chi Id viec tiep ndi cdc

* Truong Dai hpc sir pham Ha Npi

Tap chi Giao due so 23 5 (U 1 - 4 2010)