Phương pháp giáo dục theo chủ đề project

Li LUAN GIAO DUC • DAY HOC

PHaanc PHAP GIAO DUG THEO GHU DE PROJECT

1. Khai quat ve phuang phap Project

Project td phuong phap (PP) gido vien (GV)

td chue eho mgt nhdm tre eung nhau hgc tgp, Hm

kiem, kham pha, khai thae thdng tin, kie'n thire v l

mdt vdn d l ndo do ed lien quan den ehu d l (CD)

md tre dqc biet quan tam vd ed nhu edu mudn

Hm hieu. Trong qua trinh dd, tre duge md rgng

vd nang eao kien thue, bieu tugng v l eac sy vgt,

hien tugng trong the gioi xung quanh.

Myc dich cuo PP Project td phat trien vd khai

thae triet de «the'gidi Hnh thdn" (mind) cuo tre. Theo

2 tae gid Katz vd Chord, «the gidi Hnh thdn" nay

khdng ehi gdm eae mat tri tue, Hnh edm xa hdi, dgo

due, thdm mT... md dugc ey the hda thdnh 5 mye

dieh ca iDon: - Md rgng vd ndng coo hieu bie't cuo

tre v l the gioi xung quanh; phdt huy d tre khuynh

hudng hgc tgp tfch eye, ehu dgng, sang tgo; - Tdng

cudng cae hoqt ddng theo CD, duge trien khai

thdng qua he thdng cdc hogt dgng do dgng hoge

cae trd choi hgc tgp phu hgp vdi nhu cdu, hdng thu

eua tre cung nhu CD hoqt dgng; - Kit hgp chgt ehe

giira sinh hogt ddi thudng cuo tre vdi thye Hen hgc

tqp vd vui choi d truang mdm non de khdng ed

khodng each vd sy khde biet gii/a ede tre; - Giup

tre nhqn thue dugc y nghTa quan trgng eua viee

hgc tgp vd Idm viec theo nhdm, hinh thdnh vd phat

trien nhi/ng Hnh edm gdn bd vdi bgn be, tqp the;

- GV phdi biet tqo ra nhirng Hnh hudng ed vdn

d l , khuyen khich tre suy nghT vd sdng tqo de Hm

ro cdu gidi ddp bdng nhilu each thire khae nhau.

PP Project xua\ phat tren eo sd li luqn eua ehu

nghTa tien bg Dewey, duge thiet ke dya tren hung

thu, nhu cdu, nguyen vgng, ndng khieu, tinh ty

nguyen, tieh eye eua tre. GV giu vai trd Id nguoi

giup dd, hd trg, tdn trgng nhi/ng nhu cdu, mong

mudn cung nhu tqo co hdi vd kich thieh sy hung

thu, tich cyc cua tre dd'i vdi cac hogt ddng.

PP Project cd mdt sd dgc frung co bdn sou:

a) Giup hinh thdnh vd phdt trien nhdn cdch tre

thong qua cdc hogf ddng, cdc mdi quan he hi/u co

vd tac dgng tuong hd tan nhau giua eae tTnh vyc

Q TS. NGUYEN THj BICH THUY*

trong giai dogn Hin hgc tgp nhu: kien thue, kT ndng,

Hnh edm xa hdi, thdm mT, nang lyc eua ed nhan...

b) Nhdn mgnh cdc hogt ddng hgc tap vd khdm

phd mang tinh hgp fdc c6 y nghTa vol sy phdt

trien todn dien ea nhdn mdi duo tre nhu: trd

chuyen, trao ddi y kien, chia se kinh nghiem giCra

ed vd tre, gii/a tre vd tre, giira tre voi nhirng tdn

xung quanh. Mgt khae, PP gido dye Project tudn

nhdn mqnh sy phdi hgp, lien ke't chqt ehe gii/a

GV vdi bd me tre vd egng ddng xa hgi.

2. Qua trinh td chue cdc hoqt dgng giao

dye theo PP Project

Qud trinh trie'n khai hogt dgng hgc tgp theo

CD Project duge ehia ro tdm 4 budc: chudn bi;

bdt ddu; trien khai vd kit fhuc. Tuy nhien, d mdi

bude, thdi gian tie'n hdnh vd ngi dung hoqt ddng

eua tre Id khac nhau, do dd, voi trd cuo GV d

mdi bude Hen hdnh cung khae nhau.

1) Budc chudn fc/.Sau khi eung tre trd ehuyen,

thdo lugn de tya chgn CO hogt dgng, GV dua

CD ro hgi ddng tgp the GV de eung nhau thdo

luqn, trao ddi y kie'n vd khd ndng thyc thi eua CD

dd trong thyc Hin; sou dd, GV Hen hdnh eae edng

viec chudn bj cdn thiet de trien khai CD. Ndi dung

cy the cua buoc chudn bj:

Lya chgn CD phu hgp td edng viec rdt quan

trgng. Boi vqy, CO duge tya chgn phai lien quan

mat thiet voi cugc sdng, sinh hoqt eua tre, d l Hm

kiem trong mdi trudng xung quanh; - C6 sy tieh

hgp cuo eae tTnh vyc ty nhien, khoo hgc vd xa

hgi, ddng thdi phdi mang tgi nhilu co hgi kieh

thieh tre tae dgng tuong hd, giao tuu tich eye de

tdng cudng sy hieu biet, dodn ke't vd hieu qud

hoqt ddng; - Tgo co hgi eho tre tham gio tfeh cyc

vdo cae hoqt dgng hgc tqp, Hm kie'm, kham phd,

phat hien, vui choi... - Cd kha nang md rgng,

lien ke't vdi cdc sy vqt khde mgt cdch d l ddng de

tre cd the tie'p thu thdng tin vd sy trg giup ngay ed

ben ngodi phqm vi tdp hgc; - CD cung phdi eho

' Tnrdng Cao dang sir pham TW Nha Trang

Tap chi Giao due s6 250 (ki a • n/aoio)