Phát triển sinh thái nông nghiệp vùng Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long

Thilc tien - IQnh nghiSm

^ Phat trien sinh thai ndng nghiep

vung Dong bang Song Cufu Loiig

O NGUViN NGQC LONG

V

iing DBSCL nim dhg luu

chdu thdsdng MS Cdng,

vung dugc hu&ng nhidu

thuin Igi ttr vl tri dja ly, v&i

ngudn tai nguySn phong phii,

dit dai bdng phing, miu md...

Tuy nhiSn, do tic ddng BDKH,

NBD va cic hoat dgng & thugng

luu, DBSCL dang dting tru&c

nhidu thich thdc; nhdt la trong

phit tridn ndng nghidp.

Ddng bdng Sdng Cdu Long

bao gdm phin dit thudc 13 tinh,

thdnh phd. vdi didn tfd gin 4 trieu

ha vd 18 trieu ddn. trong dd gdn

3/4 Id ndng ddn, dang phai ddi mdt

vdi mdt sd thdch thdc Idn trong bdi

dnh BOKH. Cdc hoat ddng KT￾XH d ttiupng ngudn ldm thay ddi

che dp nudc vdng theo hudng bat

Ipi ehua thi dy bdo, hdng loat hd

chita thdy didn dupe xdy dyng

ttong tuong lai trdn thupng ngudn

sdng Me Cdng Idm gia tdng tinh

ttang thilu nudc trong mua khd vd

ngdp lu trong mda mua...Nhdng

ttidd ttidc do Id nhdng rao d n ldn

eho tien trinh phdt triln KT-XH d

vdng DBSCL. dde bidt ddi vdi sinh

hoat vd san xuit ndng nghidp d a

ngudi ddn vd cdng ddng ddn eU.

Diln hinh, trong ndm 2013. theo

thdng ke cda Cue Trdng trpt.

khdng 300.000 ha Ida d DBSCL

bj tdc ddng bdi tinh tt^ng han,

ttong dd hon 100.000 ha bj tdc

ddng tnic tilp, anh hudng tdn den

ndng suat; huydn Binh Dai (Ben

Tre), d 500 ha bj khd han, thieu

nudc vd nhiem mdn... giam ndng

suit tdi 70%.

Trudc tde ddng cda BDKH.

khai thdc tpi the cda d c vdng sinh

thai ndng nghidp de thfd dng d y

nghTa hit sUc quan ttpng; trong dd

d d y tdi khai ttidc d e Ipi the ve tai

nguyen khi hdu, tai nguyen dat,

nudc nhdm phyc vy d o myc dfch

phdt ttiln ndng nghiep. Vide khai

thdc nay cdng phai tfnh den d c

yeu td bit Ipi do vdng OBSCL ndm

d vdng ha luu vyc sdng Me Cdng,

vd trong bdi dnh d c nudc vdng

thupng ngudn cung d nhdng hoat

ddng tfch cyc trong vide khai thde

d c Ipi thd v l vj tri dja ty trong sy

dyng ngudn nudc de Ung phd vdi

BOKH. Hd thdng san xuat ndng

nghiep, d n dupe d i thidn, phat

triln ben vdng nham bao dam an

ninh luong thyc. ddng thdi lam

giam nhe vd thfch dng dupc vdi

BOKH. Vl san xud't ndng nghiep,

sy phdn bd d c vdng canh tac Ida

cda ngudi ndng ddn vdng DBSCL

Id hit sde phu hpp vdi dieu kidn

sinh thdi eda vung. Cac vdng canh

tdc hai vy Ida ttiudng phan bd d

nhdng noi d dieu kien ve tudi nhu

vy Odng - Xudn. NhGmg vung

khdng d kha ndng ve tudi, chfnh

quyen i^a phuong, ngudi dan da

canh tdc vdi co d u He thu - Mda,

trong dd, vy He - Thu dhi d n nudc

tudi bd sung, d n vy Ida Mua dya

hodn todn vdo nude ttdi. So vdi

d c md hinh canh tae d tudi, ro

rdng md hinh canh tdc Ida d a

ngudi dan vung DBSCL Id md hinh

sy dyng rat ft ndng lupng. Cac he

th^g nudi trdng thdy d n xen

eanh hodc luan canh vdi tda khdng

chl gidp tdng ttiu nhdp md d n gidp

d i thien d e dieu kidn v l di l dai,

dieu kidn khi hdu, duy tai ngudn

nudc... Ndng nghidp sinh thai se Id

mdt giai phap thay thd tdt hOn nin

san xud't chi biet dya vdo d e d n

phim d a dng nghidp, ddng thdi

chdng khdng chi lam giam nhe, md

d n thfch dng hai hda vdi BOKH.

Trong ndng nghiep, sy hap thu

thudng dupc xem nhu la giai phdp

tdt nhat d o vide dng phd vdi

BOKH. Nhd tdng cudng kha ndng

hap thu eda d e he sinh thdi nhdn

tae vdi d e md hinh: Ludn eanh,

xen canh. da canh. d c hoat ddng

san xuit ndng nghiep sinh thai se

giam thilu sy dung nguydn lieu

hda thach Uidng qua vide giam san

xuat phan bdn va giam sy dung

ndng lupng hda thach bdi d c

phuong tidn giao thdng vd may

moc ndng nghidp; Idm chdm hodc

toai bo d c tien trinh thai khf car￾bon sinh hpc Xit d c hoat ddng

chdn nudi; tdng cudng tdi da kha

ndng hap thu cda dat nhd tdng

cudng sy dyng d c loai phdn bdn

hiiu CO. Chfnh quyln vd ngudi ddn

dja phuong tdng cudng bao vd,

han dhi xdi Id diidng bd, d y

nghta tmc tiep hodc gidn tilp In

djnh bai tiieu; xdy ke, dd eda sdng.

ven biln tai nhung khu vyc dn

^nh; bao vd, ttdng RNM td giai

phdp thudng xuyen vd tdng cudng

khi NBD; xdy dung hd sinh ttidi d l

dieu tiet nude d o rimg, xdy dyng

md hinh kit hpp ndng-ldm-ngu

nghiep kit hpp ttong hodn dnh

BDKH vd NBD.B

Tdi nguyen vd tvldi truong | Ky2-Thing9/2015 43