Phân vùng chức năng nguồn nước trên các lưu vực sông

Ngliiin cUti - Trao <

"^ Phan vung chuc nang nguon nudfc

tren cac luu vuc song

O ThS. GIANG THANH BINH, ThS. NGUYEN THj THANH HUYEN

CN. TdNG TH! LIEN

Cue Quan ly tdi nguydn nudc

C

ung vdi tdc do phdt tridn

KT-XH, nhu eau khai

thac, st} dung nudc

cang gia tdng gay ra nhieu cac

mdu thudn, tranh chap, bat cap

trong khai thdc, sd dung TNN,

gay d nhiem, suy thoai va can

kiet nguon nudc ngdy cdng

nhiiu. Ben eanh do, BDKH

eung Id ydu to tae dgng rat Idn

den TNN. Chinh vi vdy, viec

phdn vung chut; ndng eua

nguon nudc se la cff sd quan

trgng dexac djnh cdc ndi dung

chinh Clia quy hoaeh TNN, thut

hien cac boat ddng cap phdp

khai thdc, sd dung TNN vd xa

nudc thai vao ngudn nude

nham quan ly, bao vS TNN hieu

qua trong tinh hinh hien nay vd

nhQng ndm tiep theo.

Vaj trd cua chUc ndng

nguon nudc

Ludt TNN ndm 2012, tai Dieu

2, muc 21 cd ndu "chUe ndng

nguon nUdc la nhung muc dieh

sCr dung nUde nhat djnh dua tren

gid tri Ipi ich cda nguon nudc".

Trong bdi canh xay dung nhidm

vu quy hoach, chdc ndng nguin

nudc gidp xdc djnh cdc van d l

chinh, d l xay dung tam nhin cho

luu Vlfc vd giup idm rd cac muc

tieu TNN va cde hoat ddng quy

hoach tiep theo. Cac chUc ndng

quy hoach da xdc dinh eung se

lam CO sd d l phdn tich ky hdn

trong cac hoat ddng quy hoach

sau khi xdy dimg nhiem vu quy

hoach. Viec xac lap cac chifc

ndng se gidp uu ttdn vd tap trung

eho cdng tdc quan ly TNN tai mdt

vj tri cu the.

Trong he thd'ng ngudn nudc,

tai mpi thdi dilm ludn cd su tac

ddng qua lai gida cau true, quy

trinh vd chdc ndng. Cau true la

thanh phan vd eP, hOu cP, thanh

phan chat lupng, sd lupng nguon

nudc. Qud trinh bao gom cac

viee chuyen hda vdt chat va

ndng lupng. Tdc dpng qua iai

gida cau true vd cdc qud trinh

hinh thdnh ndn chdc ndng cda

nguin nude. ChUc ndng ngudn

nUdc lai cung cap cdc djch vu,

san pham, hang hod va mang

lai Ipi ich cho xa hpi, cdng dong

va mdi trUdng. Cd the tam thdi

phdn chia chdc ndng nguon

nudc thanh cdc nhdm:

M6t Id, chdc ndng cung cap

nudc: Cung cap nudc cho tudi,

sinh hoat, nudi trong thdy san,

phat didn, cdng nghiep.

Hal Id, chdc ndng dieu hod:

Oieu tiet mdt phan ddng chay, tieu

thodt nUdc, tieu thoat lu, tiep nhan

nude thai.

Ba Id, chdc ndng vdn hod - xa

hdi: Giai tri, du Ijch, tao mdi trudng

canh quan, tinh than vd quan sy.

Bdn Id, chUc ndng ho trd sinh

thdi: Cung cap nguon dinh dudng,

phu sa, phuc hdi sinh thai, cung

cap ndi cu tru va stnh san cho cac

lodi thdy sinh.

Suf dung cdc chufc ndng

ngudn nudc tren thiic tiln

Oau tien, xem xet 2 quan

^em ve chUc ndng la cac chUc

ndng hodc sCf dyng nguon nUdc

hien tai, va chUe ndng/sd dung

cac nguon nude tUdng lai ma cdc

ben lien quan muon dat dupc.

ChUc ndng hien tai cda nguon

nude dua tren cac myc dich cy

the. ChUc ndng trong tUdng lai

phy thupc vao each ngudi ta

mudn vd mong dpi nguon nudc

dupc sd dung trong tUdng lai.

Dilu nay cd thi dUpc quyet djnh

trong qua trinh xep hang uu tien

cac chdc ndng. Vi du, bao ve mdt

sd loai ca quy khong Id muc dich

hien tai, nhung ed the la uu tien

cao 20 ndm sau do. Dieu nay se

dupc dat la mpt trong nhung kjch

ban d l tim ra bien phdp trong quy

hoach TNN. Ddi vdi sCf dung nude

hien tai, cac nhd quy hoach muon

bao dam rang cdc sd dung nay cd

the tiep tuc trong tUdng lai, k l ca

neu tdng len. Nhung ddi vdi cac

chdc ndng tUdng lai, cae nha

quan ly phai thuc sif mang lai thay

dli ve dieu kien hodc quan ly

nguon nudc. Trong vi du nay,

"ngudn nudc" d ddy dupc hieu la

sdng, hd, ao ho, vung cCfa song,

cac tang ngam nude nhU Id cdc

ngudn nudc cd kha ndng dap dng

nhu cau cda con ngudi. Cdn cd

Tai nguyen vd Mdi tri/ong | Kyi-Tiling 6/2015 J l