Phạm Đình Trọng với sự tồn vong của triều đình Lê - Trịnh giữa thế kỷ XVIII

PiiAM eiivsi Tiioi\G \6i siJ T6] \ VOI\G CUA /v" ^' TRIEU DirVII LE-TRII\II GIIJA TIDE KY TIHJ XVIII

VAN TAO'

Danh nhan Pham Dinh Trgng dUdc

Khdm dinh Viet sd thong giam

CUcfng muc - vie't tat la CM (Qud'c sU quan

trieu Nguyen bien soan, tap II, Nxb. Giao

due, 1998, tr. 544-545) ghi rd: Pham Dinh

Trgng ngUdi xa Khinh Dao, huyen Giap

Sdn (sau thuge huyen Kinh Mdn, Hai

Dudng) dd Tie'n si khoa Ky Mui (1739) nam

Vinh Huu, trieu Le Y Tdng. Ong xua't than

va nhap the d xa hdi Dai Viet vao giUa the'

ky XVIII, khi mau thuan giiia ndng dan va

phong kien phat trien len mdt dinh cao,

bieu hien thanh mdt eao trao ndng dan

khdi nghia ma tieu bieu la cude khdi nghla

Nguyen Hiiu Ciu. Chinh liic nay sii ton

vong cua trieu dinh Le-Trinh trUdc cao trdo

khdi nghla nong ddn lgi dugc bdo ddm

bdng tdi ndng ciia danh tiidng Phgm Dinh

Trgng. De danh gia dung sU that ve Pham

Dinh Trgng can hieu biet sau ve dd'i thu

khdng dgi trdi chung cua dng la Nguyen

Hiiu Cau - ngudi danh thang nhieu tUdng

tai eua Le - Trinh ma chi thua cd Pham

Dinh Trgng. Hai nhan vat lich sd nay xua't

hien trong eugc giao tranh giiia ndng dan

va phong kien cd the coi la dien hinh cua

giai doan lich sU giiia the ky XVIII.

Nhin rgng ra trong lich sd the' gidi, the

ky XVIII dUdc coi la the ky cua khdi nghla

ndng dan d nhieu nUdc phUdng Ddng. Day

la thdi ky che do phong kien da lam vao

khung hoang. Kinh te hang hda va giao

thdng, thudng mai dang phat trien. Chii

nghia tu ban, tien de eua each mang tU san

dang phat sinh.

Rieng d Dai Viet, xa hdi phong kien dan

suy tan, khdi nghia ndng dan ndi len la mgt

tat yeu lich sd. Tuy chUa manh dUdc de'n

mUc lat dd dUde ngai vang phong kien, lap

nen xa hgi mdi theo hUdng dan chu tU san,

thi cCing la mdt each "phan dng" bang vii

khi bude trieu dinh phong kien phai cai

each, cai td de cdu van sU diet vong. Ddi

sdng ndng dan tam thdi dUde cai thien

Mat khac, vi ehUa di tdi dUde each mang tU

san dan chu ma van cd ye'u cau quan ly da't

nUdc, giii gin cho ky dudc ddc lap dan tdc

trUdc cac ke thu xam ludc Ddng, Tay dang

nhdm ngd, nen lich sd ddi hdi phai cd mdt

nha nude dan tdc du manh de chd'ng ngoai

xam. Vi vay ma trieu dinh Le-Trinh tdn tai

cdn la can thiet, cdn la hdp ly va cin cd

ngUdi bad ve. Cd nha trie't hge tam cd the

gidi da ndi "Cai gi tdn tai la hdp ly", tdc den

khi nd khdng tdn tai nd mdi la bat hdp ly.

Pham Dinh Trgng da ddng dUdc vai trd bao

ve "tinh hdp ly" dd chd den cud'i the ky

XVIII, khi khdi nghia ndng dan Tay Sdn

• GS. Vien Sd hoc