Nguyên tắc thiết kế một vụ nổ mìn thân thiện với môi trường

KHOA HOC VA CtiNG NGHE MO _ ^ ^

^NGUVCN TAC THI€T KC'MO T VU NO MI N

THAN THIEN VQfl MOI TRUONG

M

l min pha vd dit da Id khau ddu tifn phuc

vy cho khai thdc md, xdy dyng, thuy lyi, thuy

dien, giao thdng vfn tai... Khi nd min, mdt

ihan nang luyng chit nO sinh ra cdc dang cOng cO

ch thyc hien muc tieu de ra, phdn eOn lai cua ndng

jyng (tuyng doi Idn) sinh ra cdc dang eOng vd ich

ac dung xiu dfn mdi trudng nhu ehdn dOng, sOng

lap khdng khi, dd vdng, khi dpe va bui.... Vi dg: khi

10 min phd vd ddt dd d md, phin nang luang ed

ch chf chilm 20-^25 %, cdn phdn nang luyng vO

ch chifm 75-^80 %, khi nd min vang xa, phdn ndng

jyng cO ich ehilm td 5-^-7 %, eOn phin ndng

jyng vO ich chilm 93-^95 %.

Nhu vdy, vln d l dft ra la phai thilt k l sao cho

ang phdn ndng luyng cua chdt nd d l phd vd dit

Id theo yeu cdu (cd (ch) vd giam phin nang luyng

d ich d l giam ddng k l tdc ddng xdu din mdi

rudng, phuc vu cho sy phat triln bin vung eua

lln kinh t l ndi chung vd nen cdng nghiep md ndi

ifng. Mdt vu no ddp dng duyc muc tifu ndi trfn Id

u nd than thifn vdi mdi trudng. Muln ed mdt vg

11 nhu vay, khi thilt k l ta phai "chd y td khdu san

;ult va lya ehpn chit nl, lya chpn nhung phuang

ihap nd, tinh todn cdc thdng so n l min hyp ly, din

;dc bifn phap k? thuft, t l chdc dp dung df ndng

;ao hifu qua phd vd dit da va giam thilu tac dung

id h?i, bao vf mdi trudng vd dam bao an toan

'ong san xult. NghTa Id khi thilt k l mdt vg nd than

lien vdi mdi trudng can tap trung vdo nhung vln

If sau ddy;

1, Lira chpn chdt no phu ho'p, dam bao than

hien vdi moi tru'dng

a nude ta, vdi sy phdt triln manh me cua cde

igdnh cOng nghifp ndi chung va cdng nghifp md

Oi rifng, nhu cau chit _nO edng nghiep ngdy mOt

Sng. Khdi luyng ehdt nd da sd dyng trong nhdng

am gin day nhu sau:

• Ndm 2010: 122.726 tin;

• Nam 2011:136.319 tin;

• Nam 2012: 120.926 tin;

GS.TS. NHUT VAN BACH

Hgi Ky thuat No min Vigt Nam

• Nam 2013:127.598 tan.

Theo dy bao nhung nam tilp theo nhu eau s§

tang Ifn:

• Nam 2015:160.822-^184.582 tin;

• Nam 2020:191.084-^229.183 tin;

• Ndm 2030: 226.205-^265.493 tin.

Vdi nhu cdu nhy trfn, chOng ta hodn todn ed

thl ddp dng duyc bang ede logi chit nd san xudt

trong nudc, thdm chi ed thl xuat khdu ra nude

ngodi. Hifn nay, hai dyn vj: Ting Cdng ty CN hda

chit md thude TKV va Tong cgc Cdng nghifp Bd

Qudc Phdng san xult duyc nhilu chung loai chit

nl, phu hyp vdi dieu kifn sd dung thyc t l va dam

bao thdn thien vdi mOi trudng. DO Id cdc loai:

• Sd dgng trong dllu kifn khd rdo (Id khoan

khdng cd nudc): ANFO, Amdnit phd da ADI,

SdfanitAFST,Zecno 79/21.. ;

• Sy dgng trong dilu kifn Im udt: Watergel

TNP-1, TFD-15, nhu tuang rdi NTR-06...;

• Sd dgng trong dilu kifn l l khoan cO nude:

Nhu tuang EE-31, NT-13, NT-14WR, nhu tuang

rdi NTR-05, NTR-07.

Tdt ca cac loai tren. da eO cde tieu chudn ky

thuat QuOc Gia quy djnh vf chi tifu ky thudt va

phuang phdp thd nghifm d l dam bao hieu qua vd

an toan trong su dyng Mdc df thdn thifn vdi mOi

trudng cija chit no duac danh gid bing phuang

phdp thyc nghiem d l dam bao hifu qua vd an todn

trong su dgng vd san xult.

Muc dp thdn thien vdi mOi trudng duyc danh

gid ehu ylu bdng luyng khi dOc sinh ra khi nd min.

Luyng khi dde dd duyc quylt djnh bdi dde tinh

cdn bang dxy cua ehdt nd. Cdn bdng Oxy cua ehdt

no la ti sO thda hodc thilu Oxy trong thdnh phin

ehdt nO so vdi luyng Oxy can thilt d l Oxy hoa hodn

toan cdc nguyen t l ehdy cd tron^ thanh phin chit

nd. Nfu hai luyng Oxy dd can bang thi chit nd cd

edn bang dxy bdng khdng (ko=0), khi dd san phdm

khi n l cO thdnh phin HaO, CO2 vd N2.

Nlu luyng dxy trong thdnh phin nhd ban luyng

dxy eln thiet thi chit n l cd cdn bing dxy dm

CONG NGHllP MO, $64-2015