Nguyên tắc "Thẩm phán, hội thẩm xét xử độc lập và chỉ tuân theo pháp luật" - Thực tiễn thực hiện và kiến nghị

7Ai hdnh phdp lual 86 7(316)-2018

i , ».

HGUYEN TAG "M M PHAN, HOI THAM XET XDOOC LAP VA

CHI TUAN THEO PHAP LUAT" - THUC TIEN THOC HIEN VA KIEN NGH!

I TRA N TH! THU HAN G *

Tdm tdt: Nguyen tdc "Thdm phdn, Hgi thdm xet xu dgc lap vd tudn theo phdp ludt" Id nguyin tdc quan

trong du(rc ghi nhdn trong Hien phdp vd phdp ludt. Bdi viit dd khdi qudt ngi dung vd thuc tien thuc hi^

nguyen tac ndy a nudc la, tir do, de xudt mgt s6 kien nghf nham bdo ddm nguyen tac xet xu dgc lap.

Abstract: The principle "judges, assessors are independent and solely binding on the law" is an

important principle which is provided in the Constitution and law. The paper generalizes content and

practice of the implementation of this principle in our country, and from there, makes some proposals in

order to ensure the principle of independent adjudication.

Trong Nha nudc phap quyen, tinh dOc

Igip cua tu phap la mpt trong nhung dgc

trung CO ban. Tam quan trgng cua tu

phap dOc lap tu lau da dupe ghi nhan tgi Dieu 10

Tuyen ngdn Nhan quyen Qudc te nam 1948

(UDHR) ghi nhan, mpi ngudi deu cd "quyen dugc

xet xu cdng bang va cdng khai bdi mdt Ida an dpc

lap va khdch quan". Dieu 14 Cdng udc qudc t6 ve

cac quyin dan su va chinh tri nam 1966 (ICCPR)

thi mgi ngudi cd "quyen dugc xet xii cdng bang,

cdng khai bdi mdt Tda an cd tham quyen, dgc lap,

edng minh dupe thiet lap theo phap lugt". 0 nudc

ta, tinh ddc lap khi xet xu cua Tham phan va Hgi

tham hj lau da la mgt nguyen tac Hien dinh {dugc

ghi nhan trong cac ban Hien phap nam 1946,

1959, 1980, 1992 va 2013), dugc cu th8 hda trong

cac d?o lugt quan trgng nhu Bg luat Td tung hinh

su, Bp Iugt Td hing dan sg, Luat Td tung hdnh

chinh, Luat Td chuc Tda an nhan dan.

1. Npi dung Cff ban v^ nguyen t4c x^t xu d9c

lap va chi tuan theo phap lu|t

Su dgc lap cua Tham phan va Hgi tham la tdng

hgp cac phuong tipn, bien phap ve xa hpi, phap

luat, kmh tk, to chiic nhdm hgn che vd ngan ch^

nhiing tac dOng vao hogt dpng xet xii. Su dpc lap

dd dugc xem la s^f ddc lap tren thijc te ddi vdi cac

yku td ben ngoai va nhiing yeu to chii quan cua

Hdi thim va Thdm phan trong thuc hipn nhiem vy

xet xir. Hign phdp nam 2013 quy dinh ve nguyen

tdc xet xir dpc l^ip cd npi dung mdi la Tham ph ^

Hpi tham ddc lap trong mpi boat dpng cua minh

theo quy dinh cua phap ludt td tung ke tvr khi thv

ly vu an cho tdi khi ket thuc phien toa chu khong

chi gidi hgn bcri "khi xet xu" nhu quy dinh cua

Hi^n phdp nam 1992. Vipc quy dinh nghien cam

eo quan, td chiic, cd nhan can thipp vao viec xet

xu ciia Tham phdn, Hdi tham trong cdng tac xet

xu la dam bao cho nguyen tdc nay phai dugc thuc

thi trong thuc ti^n xet xir ciia Tham phdn va Hpi

tham.

Khi nghign ciiu hd so cung nhu khi xdt xit,

Tham phdn, Hpi thdm khong bj ph\i thugc vao kfit

lugn cua ca quan dilu tra, khong bi Ip thugc vao

cao trang hiiy td cua Vipn kilm sat, khdng phu

I Ddn ChCi & Phdp lu$t * Ban Chi dao cdi cdch tu phdp Trung uang