Nguyên nhân chính dẫn tới cao trào cách mạng 1930-1931 ở Nghệ Tĩnh

NHAN VAT - Sir KIEN

NGUYEN NHAN CHINH DAN T6 I CAO TRAO

CACH MANG 1930 -1931 Of NGHE - TINH

ThS NGUYEN TAT THANG

Cao trao Xdvilt Nghe - Tinh (1930-

1931), la sir khdi dau oanh liet va ve

vang trong hoat ddng lanh dao each mang ciia

Dang ta. Gan 80 nam da trdi qua, nhieu nha

nghien cim lich sir trong va ngoai nudc da viet

ve Xd viet Nghe - Tinh. Tuy vay, van cdn cd

mdt sd sir kien chua dugc lam sang td hoae cd

sir danh gia khae nhau, tham chi trai ngugc

nhau... Bai viet tap trung phan tich nhiing

nguyen nhan ehinh dan tdi oao trao each

mang 1930 - 1931 d Nghe - linh, trong dd ed

2 nguyen nhan chung ea nudc va 3 nguyen

nhan mang tinh chat dia phuong.

/. Chinh sdch dp birc, bdc lot ndng ni ciia

di qudc Phdp vd dia chii phong kien tay sai

Nam 1929, cuge khiing hoang kinh te the

gidi nd ra d hau khap cac nudc tu ban phat

trien. Tai Phap, eugc khiing hoang kinh te nd

ra mudn hon cac nudc khac, nhung thdi gian

khiing hoang lai keo dai tdi nam 1936. De giai

quyet khd khan, de qudc Phap vira bdc lot

nhan dan trong nude, vira vo vet ciia cai d cac

nudc thude dia va phu thude. Mue dich khai

thae cua thuc dan Phap d Viet Nam la vo vet

Khoa Lich sir, Trudng Dai hgc su pham Hul

tai nguyen va bdn nit nhan cdng ddng dao, gia

re eiia nhan dan ta, lam giau cho tu ban Phap

d chinh qude. De dat dugc muc dich dd, chinh

quyen thuc dan Phap khdng dau tu may mdc

vao cdng nghiep, ban ehe cac chi phi san xuat

va ket hgp phuong thiic bdc lot phong kien

lac hau de thu lgi nhuan cao. Hau het cdng

viec trong nha may deu la lao ddng thu cdng.

Cdng nhan vao lam thue trong eac nha may la

nhiing ndng dan ngheo khd, bi tudc doat

rudng dat d cac lang xa, phii huyen xung

quanh thanh Vinh. Hg dugc chu nha may nhan

vao lam thue dudi nhieu hinh thirc nhu lam

khoan, lam cdng nhat hoae an luong thang,

lam viec theo khoan san pham nhung khdng

cd giay giao keo. Khi nha may cd viec thi vao

lam, khdng cd viec thi ra lam thue cac edng

viee lat vat d thi xa hoae trd ve que cay rudng

thue eho dja ehu. Hang ngay hg phai lam viec

tir 12 den 16 gid, vdi tien luong re mat. Dieu

kien lam viee, ddi sdng cdng nhan va gia dinh

hg vd cimg thieu thdn. Tinh trang "bdn luang

non, mua hdng chiu " trd thanh phd bien trong

ddi sdng edng nhan.

Di ddi vdi khai thae cac nganh edng nghiep,

tu ban Phap edn cudp dit, lap ddn diln d Nghe

54 TAP CHi LICH SLF OAN G - SO 12/2009