Nghiên cứu thành lập bản đồ thảm thực vật vùng Đông Bắc Việt Nam, phục vụ phân loại thảm thực vật, bảo vệ đa dạng sinh học, bảo tồn, phát triển tài nguyên thực vật

Hoi Bia ly Viet Nam Bai hoc Thii Nguygn

NGHIEN cut; THANH LAP BAN DO THAM THlTC VAT VUNG DONG BAC

VIET NAM, PHUC VU PHAN LOAI THAM THlTC VAT, BAO VE DA

DANG SINH HOC, BAO TON, PHAT TRIEN TAI NGUYEN THUt VAT

Tran Anh Tuin', Dd Hiiu Thu - Dd Thi Van Huong^

Abstract

Research to dcvelope vegetation cover map of Northeastern Vietnam for vegetation

dassiflcation, biodiversity protection, conservation and development plant resource.

On the basis of satellite images combined with comparative analysis of vegetation units with the type

of bioclimate, vegetation cover map of Northeast Vietnam has been established. Results on map shows 7

types natural vegetations include: high mountain vegetation, alpine vicinity (corresponding to height >

2400m): vegetation medium mountain belt (altitude 1500 -2400m;lower montane vegetation belt (altitude

500/600-1500m); lowland vegetation (height < 500/600m); mangrove vegetation; grass, scrub wood-cutting;

community vegetable crops, intercropping neighborhoods. The distribution of the vegetation types reflects

the distribution m space law and altitude. The results slu<fy bioclimate confirmed accuracy and reasonable in

the distribution of natural vegetation cover of the Northeast.

Vegetation Northeast map expressed clearly the natural vegetation cover of the area, helped scientists

to research, conservation and protection native vegetation, and research and development towards restoring

forest resources.

I.DATVANDE

Hien nay, tai nguyen rimg va da dgng sinh hpc ciia ci nude ndi chung vi cua vimg Ddng Bac

dang hi giim sut nghigm trong. Nam 1943, 70% dign tich rijmg cua ci nude la rimg giiu, den nam

2005 thi 70% dign tich rimg la rimg ngheo va rung mdi phuc hdi. Ve dign tich, neu nhu nam 1943,

dign tich rimg Viet Nam udc tinh cd khoang 14,3 trigu ha (Maurand, 1943), vdi ty lg che phu la

43,8%; trgn muc an tain sinh thai, thi den nim 1976 giim xuong cdn 11 trigu ha vdi ty Ig che phu

con 34% va tdi nam 1995 edn 8 trieu ha vi ty Ie che phii la 28,2% Tuong ty nhu vay, dien fleb

rimg vung Ddng Bac Vigt Nam ciing hi giim sut nghigm trpng, nam 1943 vung cd dien tich rimg

5,5 trigu ha, den nam 1983, dign tich rimg ciia vung giim xuong chi cdn 1,1 trieu ha (chi bang

19,3% so vdi dien tich rimg nam 1943), vi den nam 2010 dien tieh rimg la 3,4 trieu ha, van thap

ban dien tich rung eda vung nam 1943 Cd the thay dign tich rimg giau eua viing Ddng Bac da

giim Slit ding ke theo thdi gian [6]. Chinh vi thg nghign cuu, phan tich hign trang tai nguyen rimg,

phan Iogi thim thuc vat rimg, thanh lgp ban do thim thyc vat viing Ddng Bac dg tii dd bao ve va

phit trien tii nguygn rimg, DDSH rimg mdt each hpp Iy la mdt vigc lim het sue can thiet.

Tren thyc te cd nhieu phan mem, phuong ph ^ khac nhau de xay dyng bin do thim thyc vat

t^r nhien, trong bio cio nay nhdm tic gii da dya tren phan tich, giai doan inh vien tham de xay

dyng bin do tham thyc vgt vung Ddng Bic. Bin do thim thuc vat (11V) dupc xay dung dya trgn

ca sd giai doan inh ve tinh..., ket hpp vdi phan tich mpi quan he ctia thim thyc vgt rung ty nhign

vdi dieu kign SKH lanh tho. Ket qui nghign cuu se giup cie nhi khoa hpc nghign ciru tai nguyen

sinh vat laifli tho, Iam ca sd phan loai tham thyc vgt ty nhien viing Ddng Bic Viet Nam, gdp phan

bao vg, bao ton va phat trien eic tham thuc vat tu nhign (trgn ea sd nguon goc phat sirfli) va di lien

vdi chiing Ii bio ton DDSH, nguon gen, bao vg cac HST rung quy biu cua vung nghien cuu.

2. CO s d DU" LIEU VA PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU

De-phufr vy-nhigm vy nghien cuu, chung tdi da thu th ^ cac soligusac ^ vithuc ^ cdlien

quan. Cac thdng tin gom so Ugu cac bio cio, cie du ligu ban dd nen vi cic ban do chuygn de lign

quan. Cic dii lieu v^ dia hinh, sdng suoi, dudng giao thdng va ranh gidi hinh chmh dupc thu thap

dudi dgng vector.

* DG lieu sir dyng trong nghien ciru nay gom:

Vi$n Smh thai va Tai nguy£n smh vat ^ Tniftng BH Khoa hoc - BH TTiai Nguyen

f^Pyeu Hpi n^i Khoa hgc Dia lp todn gudc ldn tha 7