Local residents'' attidudes and participation in tourism development in Ba Be National park, Vietnam

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................ i

LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................... iv

ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................... vi

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................... vii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 1

1. Research Motivation ....................................................................................... 1

2. Research Question .......................................................................................... 2

3. Research Purpose ............................................................................................ 2

CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................. 3

1. Ba Be National Park ....................................................................................... 3

2. Personal Benefit from Tourism Development ................................................ 8

3. Community Attachment ................................................................................. 9

4. Tourism Impacts ........................................................................................... 10

5HVLGHQWV¶$WWLWXGHWRZDUG7RXULVP'HYHORSPHQW ...................................... 13

1) Social Exchange Theory ...................................................................................... 13

5HVLGHQWV¶$WWLWXGHWRZDUG7RXULVP'HYHORSPHQW .............................................. 15

6. Participation in Tourism ............................................................................... 18

7. Stakeholders .................................................................................................. 19

CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY ........................................................ 22

1. Measurement Variables ................................................................................ 22

2. Research Model ............................................................................................ 25

3. Research Hypotheses .................................................................................... 28

1) Relationship between Personal Benefit and Perception of Tourism Impacts ...... 28

ii

2) Relationship between Community Attachment and Perception of Tourism

Impacts ..................................................................................................................... 28

3) Relationship between Perception of Tourism Impacts and Support for Additional

Tourism Development .............................................................................................. 29

4) Relationship between Perception of Tourism Impacts and Participation in

Tourism .................................................................................................................... 30

5) Relationship between Support for Additional Tourism Development and

Participation in Tourism ........................................................................................... 30

6) Differences among Variable Groups of Tourism Experience and Tourism Related

Job Status .................................................................................................................. 31

4. Site Selection ................................................................................................ 32

5. Sampling and Data Collection ...................................................................... 32

6. Methods of Analysis ..................................................................................... 33

CHAPTER IV. RESULTS ....................................................................... 34

1. Descriptive Analysis about Local Residents ................................................ 34

2. Factor Analysis ............................................................................................. 44

3. Correlation Analysis ..................................................................................... 55

4. Regression Analysis ..................................................................................... 57

1) Regression Analysis of Tourism Impacts Perception .......................................... 57

2) Regression Analysis for Support and Participation in Tourism Development ....... 58

5. Independent Samples T-test .......................................................................... 60

6. Results of analysis ........................................................................................ 63

CHAPTER V. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS ........................ 68

1. Discussions ................................................................................................... 68

2. Implications .................................................................................................. 73

1) Theoretical Implications ...................................................................................... 73

2) Managerial Implications ...................................................................................... 74

3. Limitations and Future Research .................................................................. 75

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REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 77

APPENDIX 1 ............................................................................................. 85

APPENDIX 2 ............................................................................................. 86

APPENDIX 3 ............................................................................................. 88

iv

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1: Factors Affecting WR5HVLGHQWV¶$WWLWXGHWRZDUG7RXULVP'HYHORSPHQW

were Tested ................................................................................ 16

Table 3.1: List of Items ................................................................................ 22

Table 4.1: Description of Survey Respondents ............................................... 35

Table 4.2: Characteristics of Local Residents in Tourism Participation ............. 37

7DEOH/RFDO5HVLGHQWV¶6XJJHVWLRQVZKHQ,QYROYHGLQ7RXULVP3ODQQLQJ ... 38

Table 4.4: Frequencies for Tourism Attitude and Perception ............................ 41

Table 4.5: Factor Analysis of Positive Tourism Impacts Perception .................. 45

Table 4.6: Factor Analysis of Negative Tourism Impacts Perception................. 48

Table 4.7: Factor Analysis of Support for Additional Tourism Development ..... 49

Table 4.8: Factor Analysis of Participation in Tourism .................................... 50

Table 4.9: Correlation Analysis for Variables ................................................. 56

Table 4.10: Regression Analysis for Tourism Impacts Perception..................... 58

Table 4.11: Regression Analysis for Support and Participation in Tourism

Development ............................................................................. 60

Table 4.12: Results of T-test for Tourism Experience ...................................... 61

Table 4.13: Results of T-WHVWIRU5HVLGHQWV¶-RE6WDWXV .................................... 62

Table 4.14: Results of Testing Hypotheses by Multiple Regression Analysis ..... 64

Table 4.15: Results of Testing Hypotheses by T- test Analysis ......................... 66

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1: Map of Ba Be National Park ......................................................... 5

Figure 1.2: Map of Villages in and around Ba Be National Park ........................ 7

)LJXUH5HVHDUFK0RGHORI5HVLGHQWV¶$WWLWXGHDQG3DUWLFLSDWLRQLQ7RXULVP

Development ............................................................................ 27

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ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviations of Organizations and Projects

- 3PAD: Pro-Poor Partnerships for Agro-forestry Development

- IFAD: Fund for Agriculture Development

- IUCN: The International Union for conservation of Nature

- NGOs: Non-Government Organizations

- UNEP: United Nations Environment Programme

Abbreviations of the Factors in the Model

- CA: Community Attachment

- LB: Local Benefit

- NEI: Negative Economic Impacts

- NSEI: Negative Social and Environmental Impacts

- PART: Participation in Tourism

- PB: Personal Benefit

- PEB: Personal Economic Benefit

- SEB: Social and Environmental Benefit

- SUP: Support for Additional Tourism Development

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ABSTRACT

/RFDO5HVLGHQWV¶$WWLWXGHVDQG3DUWLFLSDWLRQLQ7RXULVP'HYHORSPHQWLQ

Ba Be National Park, Vietnam

Pham Minh Huong

Department of Tourism Development

Graduate School, Daegu University

Gyeongbuk, Korea

Supervised by Professor Lee, Ju-Hee

Although participation in tourism is studied many times, it has rarely been

examined in a research model. The main purpose of this study was to test the model of

local UHVLGHQWV¶DWWLWXGHs and participation in tourism to explore the factors which affect to

UHVLGHQWV¶support and participation in tourism in Ba Be National Park, Vietnam. From the

findings, the author suggested the strategies to LPSURYH ORFDO SHRSOH¶V VXSSRUW for

additional tourism activities and their participation in tourism. The raw data of the study

was collected from 267 questionnaires among three hamlets insides Ba Be National Park

(Pac Ngoi, Bo Lu, and Coc Toc). Noticeably, the results of factor analyses of tourism

impacts generated five new factors: Social and Environmental Benefit (SEB), Personal

Economic Benefit (PEB), Local Benefit (LB), Negative Social and Environmental

Impacts (NSEI), and Negative economic Impacts (NEI). Hypotheses testing revealed that,

in a rural area where the community depends on natural resources, community attachment

of local residents significantly affects their perception of positive tourism impacts. In

addition, social and environmental impacts from tourism are considered very important

IDFWRUVLQIOXHQFLQJORFDOUHVLGHQWV¶VXSSRUW and participation in tourism.

Keywords: 5HVLGHQWV¶ Dttitudes, Participation, Tourism impacts, Ba Be National Park,

Vietnam.

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