Local Communities Impacts On Mangrove Forest Change In Xuan Thuy National Park Nam Dinh Province

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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY

FOREST RESOURCES & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FACULTY

STUDENT THESIS

LOCAL COMMUNITIES IMPACTS ON MANGROVE

FOREST CHANGE IN XUAN THUY NATIONAL PARK,

NAM DINH PROVINCE

Major: Advanced Curriculum in Natural Resources Management

Code: D850101

Faculty: Forest Resources & Environmental Management

Student: Pham Thi Thuy Van Student ID: 1553 090 802

Class: K60 Natural Resources Management Course: 2014 - 2019

Advanced Education Program

Developed in Collaboration with Colorado State University, USA

Supervisor: Assoc. Prof Bui The Doi

Ha Noi, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEGEMENT ....................................................................................... 1

ABSTRACTS ........................................................................................................ 2

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 3

CHAPTER 1. LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................. 5

1.1. Mangrove forest .......................................................................................... 5

1.1.1. Definition of mangroves ....................................................................... 5

1.1.2. Geographic distribution, mangrove area .............................................. 5

1.1.3. Characteristics of mangroves forests ................................................... 5

1.1.4. Role of mangroves ............................................................................... 6

1.2. Local community impacts on mangrove forest change .............................. 6

1.3. Research on local community impacts on mangrove forest change .......... 7

1.3.1. In the world .......................................................................................... 7

1.3.2. In Viet Nam .......................................................................................... 8

CHAPTER 2: OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY ...................................... 9

2.1. Study Objectives and Scope ....................................................................... 9

2.1.1. Study objectives: .................................................................................. 9

2.1.2. Study scope: ......................................................................................... 9

2.2. METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................... 9

2.2.1. Study site selection ............................................................................... 9

2.2.2. Collecting data .................................................................................... 10

2.2.3. Data analysis ....................................................................................... 11

CHAPTER 3. STUDY SITE CHARACTERISTICS ......................................... 13

3.1. Xuan Thuy National Park (XTNP) ........................................................... 13

3.1.1. Geographical locations: ...................................................................... 13

3.1.2. Topography and hydrology ................................................................ 14

3.1.3. Climate ............................................................................................... 15

3.1.4. Soil Characteristics ............................................................................. 15

3.1.5. Natural resources ................................................................................ 15

3.2. Giao An Commune ................................................................................... 17

3.3. Giao Thien commune ............................................................................ 18

CHAPTER 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .................................................. 19

4.1. Current status of mangrove forests in XTNP ........................................... 19

4.1.1. Basic characteristics of mangrove forests .......................................... 19

4.1.2. Mangrove forest change in XTNP ..................................................... 20

4.2. Status of management and conservation mangrove forest ....................... 22

4.2.1. Management apparatus ....................................................................... 22

4.2.2. Mangroves management .................................................................... 23

4.3. Impacts of local communities on mangrove forest change in XTNP....... 24

4.3.1. The description of interviewees ............................................................. 24

4.3.3. Causes of the impacts ......................................................................... 30

4.4. Factors influencing the participation of local people in sustainable

mangrove forests management. ....................................................................... 32

4.4.1. Reasons for NOT participating in forest managing ........................... 33

4.4.2. Reasons for participating in forest managing..................................... 34

4.4.3. Factors influencing the participation of local people in sustainable

mangrove forests management ..................................................................... 36

4.5. Assessing the status of sustainable mangrove forests management in Giao

An and Giao Thien communes ........................................................................ 36

4.6.2. Solutions belong to local community ................................................. 38

CHAPPTER 5. CONCLUSION AND LIMITATION OF STUDY................... 40

5.1. Conclusion ................................................................................................ 40

5.2.Limitation of the study ............................................................................... 40

REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 1

APENDIX ............................................................................................................. 3

TABLE OF TABLES

Table 1: SWOT model ....................................................................................... 12

Table 2: Summary socio-economic of Giao An and Giao Thien communes .... 18

Table 3: Description of interviewees ................................................................. 24

Table 4: Knowledge level about sustainable mangrove forests management

according to gender ............................................................................................. 25

Table 5: Knowledge level about sustainable mangrove forests management

according to age group ........................................................................................ 26

Table 6: Knowledge level about sustainable mangrove forests management

according to occupation ...................................................................................... 27

Table 7: Production and value of aquaculture and fisheries in the core zone of

Xuan Thuy National Park .................................................................................... 28

Table 8: Exploitation mangroves resources in core zone of Giao An and Giao

Thien commune 2018 .......................................................................................... 28

Table 9: Participation levels in exploiting forest resources according to age

group .................................................................................................................... 29

Table 10: Average income per household (VND) ............................................. 30

Table 11: Area of forests and alluvia plains in Xuan Thuy National Park (ha) 31

Table 12: The location of shrimp exploitation ................................................... 31

Table 13: Sources of information for local people about sustainable mangrove

forests management ............................................................................................. 32

Table 14: Reasons why local people don’t take part in sustainable mangrove

forests management (Law enforcement opinions) .............................................. 33

Table 15: Reasons why local people don’t take part in sustainable mangrove

forests management (local people’s opinions).................................................... 34

Table 16: Reasons why local people take part in sustainable mangrove forests

management (Law enforcement opinions) .......................................................... 34

Table 17: Reasons why local people take part in sustainable mangrove forests

management (local people’s opinion)................................................................. 35

Table 18: SWOT analysis ................................................................................... 36

TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Map of Xuan Thuy Nation Park (Source: Google map and author) .. 13

Figure 2: Change of ecosystem of wetland in Xuan Thuy national park during

time 1986, 1995, 2007 và 2013 (Sources: Xuan Thuy National Park) ............... 21

Figure 3: Management apparatus in Xuan Thuy Nation Park ........................... 22

Figure 4: Management apparatus in 2 communes.............................................. 23