Kobo abe (1924 - 1993): con người và tác phẩm.

KOBO ABE (1924-1993): CON NGlTOI VA TAG PHAM

NGUYEN TUAN KHANH*

rrong khi Murakami vd Yoshimoto la

nhdng nha van dang ndi len tren van

dan Nhat Ban va la hai nhan vat hdt sde quen

thuoc d Viet Nam hien nay, tdi mud'n luu y

ban dgc vd mdt xu the mdi ed le tdn tai nhu

mdt ddng chdy ngdm. Khi ndi vd xu the nay,

vao nam 1990 nhd van danh tieng Kenzaburo

Oe ( 1935 - 2007), Gidi thudng Nobel Van

chuang nam 1998 cd vidt: "Ldp nhd van ndy

da tich luy trong minh cam nghT ve thuc

trang xa hdi vd sde manh cua van hge. Trong

sd hg ndi len hang dau la Kobo Abe, mdt

trong nhdng guang mat quan trgng nhdt, ndi

bat nha't sau chien tranh. Ong sdng tdc vdi y

thdc tach khdi truyen thd'ng Nhat Bdn, tuy

gdn bd vdi viec xay dung the gidi do tudng,

nhung vdn in dam mdt Id'i nhin rieng tu ma

nghiem tie vd ddi sd'ng hien dai".

Kobo Abe sinh ngdy 7.3.1924 tai Tokyo.

Ten thuc cia dng Id Kimifusa ("Kobo" Id

each phdt am theo Hdn tu cua td

"Kimifusa"). Cha dng Id bde sy tai mdt benh

vien ndm trong trudng Cao ddng Y khoa

Hodng gia d Manchuria.

Khi cdn tre, Abe rdt hdng thi vdi mdn

todn hge vd suu tap cdn tring. Cdng gid'ng

nhieu nhd van Nhat Ban hien dai ndi tieng

the he trude nhu Mori Ogai, Natsume Soseki,

Tanizaki Junichiro... dng tidp thu vd chju anh

hudng sau sde ede nha tu tudng bae thdy cia

phuang Tay, cd le do nhidu nam sd'ng d nudc

' Nha nghien cihi Van hpc

ngodi vd ddi sd'ng van hod duong dai cia nd

da thdi thic dng, nghien cdu cdc nhd triet

hge phuang Tay nhu Heidegger, Jaspers va

Nietzsche... Nam 1941 Abe trd ve Nhat Ban,

nam 1943 dng thi dd Dai hge Tokyo rdi theo

hge y khoa tai day. Ludn dm ydu do mdc

benh dudng hd hap nen Abe dugc midn quan

djch. Trong chidn tranh, dng tdi sd'ng d

Manchuria. Sau khi khdi benh Abe tidp tuc

viec hge hdnh vd td't nghiep vao nam 1948,

nhung dng ty nhi se khdng bao gid hdnh

nghe y. Td day Abe da bude vao sy nghiep

van hge. Ong tham gia nhdm van chuang do

Kiyoteru Hamada ddn ddt. Khuynh hudng

sdng tdc Id hgp nha't cac ky thuat cua Chi

nghia sieu thuc vdi tu tudng Marxist.

Ngay td nam 1943 Abe da cho ra ddi mdt

tdc pham ddu tay. Ban dgc hdn da nhan thay

Haruki Murakami tdc gid Rifng Na-uy viet

vdi mgt phong cdch bgc true, gigng dieu

trung tinh, lanh lung, cau ngdn ggn, ddi khi

cdc ldc. Ong trdnh ldi didn dat uyen chuyen

ma ngudi Nhat hay dung de cau ndi mem

mai hon khien ngdn td trd nen map md. Cdn

van phong cua Abe lai cd dgng va chudn

muc, nd cho thdy ndi ban tam cua dng ddi

vdi tu tudng cia tdc pham hon la ky thuat

vidt cdt tao ra phong cdch . Nhdng nha van

chi chd't cd anh hudng ldn den su phdt trien

tham my van hge cia dng: Edgar Allan Poe,

Samuel Beckett, Rainer Maria Rilke va

Fyodor Dostoyevsky, vd dac biet la Franz

Kafka. Anh hudng Kafka cdng rd ret trong

NGHIEN C(]ru DONG BfiC fi. SO 8(102) 8-2009 67