kĩ năng viết trong các bài test 5 pdf

ONLY HALF THE STORY

Another way a writer may slant information is to omit

evidence. A writer may try to convince you to accept his

or her interpretation of an event or issue by giving you

only one side of the story and by leaving out contrasting

facts or perspectives. When this is done deliberately, it is

a propaganda technique called card stacking. When you

read, evaluate whether the author has presented different

points of view and offered balanced evidence. For

instance, a campaign ad might highlight a candidate’s

positive qualities and leave out unfavorable characteris￾tics. Campaign ads might also target an opponent, pre￾senting negative qualities and omitting positive ones,

thereby creating a distorted perspective.

Cause and Effect Relationships

The GED Social Studies Test will ask you to identify the

relationships between events. Often, historical events are

connected to situations that came before them. When

you are considering the causes of an event, be aware that

multiple causes can create one effect, just as one cause

can have many effects. Sometimes, what is considered a

cause can be controversial. In the following passage, leg￾islators and criminologists argue over the causes that

might have contributed to a drop in the youth crime rate.

Juvenile crime has reached its lowest national

level since 1988. The number of arrests for juve￾nile murder has also dropped. It is now at the

lowest level since 1966. Backers of “adult time”

legislation—“get-tough” laws that send violent

teenagers to adult prison—believe that fear of

imprisonment is stopping juveniles from com￾mitting crimes. However, the decrease in crime

often started before these laws took effect. Some

criminologists believe a drop in crack cocaine use

and gun carrying is the more likely cause. These

experts argue that as the crack market dropped

off in the mid-1990s, fewer teens were dealing

drugs and fewer were carrying guns to protect

themselves. Police also increased their efforts to

enforce gun laws. With fewer young people carry￾ing weapons, the teen murder rate dropped.

According to the criminologists mentioned in the pas￾sage, which of the following is NOT a cause of the drop

in juvenile crime?

a. fewer gun-carrying juveniles

b. enforced gun laws

c. fear of jail time

d. fewer drug dealers on the street

e. police presence

The correct choice is c. In the passage, criminologists

argue that “adult time” laws have not had an effect on the

decrease in youth crime. They believe that choices a, b, d,

and e are multiple causes of the drop in crime.

Social Studies Key Words

As with any type of study, the social sciences use specific

terms and vocabulary. While you are studying for the

test, use a dictionary to look up unfamiliar terms. How￾ever, even if you do not recognize a word, you might

be able to figure out its meaning. The parts of a word—

prefix, root, and suffix—can offer clues to its meaning. A

number of terms used in social studies derive from Latin

or Greek. Knowing some useful word parts can help you

make an educated guess about the meaning of a word.

Review these common Latin and Greek word parts:

–TIPS AND STRATEGIES FOR THE GED SOCIAL STUDIES EXAM–

160

ante before

anthrop human

arche beginning,

government

auto self

bi two

bio life

bene good

cracy rule

co, con with

demo people

dis not, opposite

femina woman

geo Earth

genos race

inter between

mis wrong

mono one

ology study

poly many

proto first

sub under, below

super over

theo god

topos place

tri three

uni one