Khó khăn của người học Việt Nam trong việc nói tiếng Anh một cách tự nhiên: Nguyên nhân và hướng khắc phục

KHO KHAN CUA NGlTOil HOC VIET NAM

TRONG VIEC NOI TIENG ANH MOfT CACH TIT NHIEN:

NGUYEN NHAN VA HL/ONG KHAC PHUC

'.ma O NGUYEN THI PHUOC BINH'

1. Trong qud trinh hqc tdp vd thye hdnh tiing

Anh, ngudi Viet Nam gdp khdng it khd khdn trong

viee no lye ndi tiing Anh mdt edch ty nhien vd

linj lodt. NhOng khd khdn, ddi khi h/yeu to khdeh

quon nhu su khde nhou mqt edch edn bdn ve cdeh

phdt dm, thu ty tu trong edu, trqng dm eua tt/ vd

cdu... cdn cd nhung khd khdn ehij quon ve trinh

do, khd ndng ngudi hqc.

Nhu chung to dd biet, mye dich CIJO qud trinh

hqe mdt ngoqi ngu Id dqt duqc ndng lye gioo

tiep (communicative competence) bdng thi/ tiing

dd. Ndng lye gioo tiep bao gdm nhiiu yi u to

tqo thdnh, trong dd mudn gioo tiep thdnh cdng,

ngodi viee hieu biet ede quy ude gioo tilp edng

ddng, ndm vung cdc hinh thdi ngdn ngu, ngudi

hqe cdn cdn ndi ngdn ngi/ dd mqt cdeh ehinh xde

vd ty nhien.

Tu trudc din nay, dqy tiing Anh d Viet Nam

dd quen vdi viee tqp trung gidng dqy cdu true vd

tir loqi, chua ehu tdm nhieu den nhi/ng khd khdn

ed thdt euo ngudi hqc trong qud trinh tilp nhdn

mdt ngdn ngu mdi, ddn din ngudi hqc cdm thdy

rd't khd khdn trong no lye gioo tilp bdng tieng

Anh mdt edch ty nhien, tu dd mdt ty tin trong

giao tiep.

2. Khd khdn ddu tien ddi vdi ngudi hqe Viet

Nam Id cym phy dm (consonant clusters) trong

tiing Anh nhu sp/trong splash, spr trong spring,

nts trong against, f^ trong eighth... Tiing Viet

khdng cd cym phy dm (nhu Peter Averyvd Susan

Ehrlich nhqn djnh trong quyin Teaching American

English pronunciation). Dieu ndy gdy khd khdn

rdt nhieu cho ngudi Viet Nam trong no lye phdt

dm mdt cdeh ehinh xde vd ty nhien nhCrng ti/ ed

cdc cym phy dm nhu tren. Hq thudng ed khuynh

hudng luqe bd 1 hoqe vdi phy dm trong chudi

phy dm dd. Trong mdt vdi trudng hqp, ngudi

hqc se ndi /li-z/ eho tu please thay vi phdi ndi

/p//.z/hay Aru:/tha y vi /skru:/cho Kr screw...

Tap clii Giao due s6 257 (ki i . s/aom

hoqe them nhi/ng dm chen vdo cdc cym phy dm

nhu: sitar, sityle or sichool cho star, style hay

school. Trong nhCrng trudng hqp ndy, ngudi dqy

cdn kien nhdn hudng ddn hqc vien cdeh phdt dm,

yeu edu hq nhin vdo mieng gido vien, bdt chude

cdeh phdt dm euo gido vien vd luyen tqp tich

eye, thudng xuyen. Nhdt Id nhi/ng cym phy dm

ed phy dm ddu Id mdt phy dm hai mdi nhu p,

b,... ngudi ndi phdi chqm nhe hoi mdi trudc khi

tilp tyc vdi phy dm khde trong chudi phy dm.

Khd khdn ke tiep Id viee phdt dm dm dudi

(ending sound) trong tiing Anh, nhd't Id dd'i vdi

ngudi Idn, tiep edn vdi tieng Anh mudn. Khi ndi

tieng Viet, chung ta khdng tdeh phy dm dudi md

phy dm dudi kit hqp vdi nguyen dm ehfnh tqo

thdnh mqt vdn nhu trong cam, tdt, canh. Trong

khi dd, khi ndi tieng Anh, dm dudi duqc xem Id

rd't quon trqng, ddi khi ehinh phy dm dudi Id yiu

to phdn biet mqt so tu ddng dm trong tieng Anh

nhu why, wife, wives, wide, wise, wild, white...

Ngudi hqc Viet Nam thudng bd mdt phy dm dudi

khi ndi tiing Anh, khiln eho tieng Anh eua hq

khdng ehfnh xde, khdng ty nhien vd quon trqng

hon Id ddn din mqt so hilu sol trong giao tilp

nhu kiss (hdnj kick (ddj, wife (vg) wine (ruguj...

Ngodi ro, phy dm dudi trong tieng Anh edn Id

ddu hieu d l phdn biet danh tu thudng d dqng so

it vd so nhieu nhu book - books, box - boxes,

watch - watches,... ddng h/ thudng d ngdi tht/ bo

so it, chdng hqn nhu: teach - He teaches, walk -

She walks,... dqng qud khu cua ddng h/ nhu: stop

- stopped A/, listen - listened/d/... Do tdm quon

trqng eua phy dm dudi nhu vdy, nen khi ngudi

ndi phdt dm khdng ddy dtj phy dm dudi thi se

gdp khd khdn trong gioo tilp. D l khde phyc vd'n

de ndy, ngudi dqy cdn giup cho ngudi hqe nhdn

thue rd tdm quan trqng cua phy dm dudi trong

tiing Anh, luyen tdp tu nhi/ng tu don gidn trudc

* Klioa Ngoai nguf - Truoing Dai lipc Tliu Diu Mot