Hệ thống tư pháp người chưa thành niên của Nhật Bản

GIMIAH Qanh 'Sy, S61 (334) - 2020

HE THONG TIT PHAP

NGUdi CHUA THANH NIEN CUA NHAT BAN

• ThS. NGUYEN HAI Y^ N *

Tom tdt: H$ thong tuphdp nguai chua thdnh niin cua Nhgt Bdn voi ton chi de cao phong ngira, co

phgm vi dieu chinh rQng khong chi bao gom nhung nguoi chua thdnh nien viphgm phdp ludt md con cdc

ddi tvfmg ngu&i chua thdnh nien co nguy ca. Bdi viet nghien cuu mot cdi nhin khdi qudt vi quan diim chi

dgo cung nhu cdch thuc vgn hdnh cda h^ thong ndy ciia Nhgt Bdn.

Abstract: The juvenile justice system of Japan with the principle of heightening prevention and wide

scope of regulation not only includes minors who violate the law but also minors who are at risk The

paper examines an overview of the guiding viewpoints as well as the manner of operation of this Japanese

system.

1. Mdt vdi ndt v^ hp thdng tu* phdp ngu^ l chuea

thdnh nien cua Nh$t Biin

Hg thdng tu phdp ngudi chua thdnh nidn hidn tgi

eua Nhdt Bdn dugc thdnh Idp dga trdn Dgo ludt Ngudi

ehua thdnh nidn (1948) trong thdi ky chiem ddng cCia

qudn ddng minh vd Tda dn gia dinh Id trung tdm eCia hd

thdng ndyV Dgo ludt Ngudi chua thdnh nidn eua Nhgt

Bdn chju dnh hudng ddng kd bdi edeh tiep cdn cdng

tde phue igi xa hOi cOa Hoa Ky ddi vdi tOi phgm ehua

thdnh nidn vd dga trdn nguydn ti c uu tidn gido dye vd

cdi tgo han hlnh phgt hinh sg2.

BO lu$t Hinh sg Nhdt Bdn quy djnh ring, trd em

dudi 14 tudi khdng phdi chju trdch nhidm hinh sy^.

Theo Dgo ludt Ngudi chua thdnh nidn eua Nhgt Bdn thi

ngudi ehua thdnh nidn Id ngudi dudi 20 tudi vd tCr 20

hidi tfd len dugc coi Id ngudi tnrdng thdnh**. Dgo lu$t

Ngudi ehua thdnh nidn dieu chtnh ed nhirng ngudi

ehua thdnh nidn vi phgm phdp ludt vd nhOng ngudi

chua thdnh nidn cd nguy ca vi phgm phdp lu§t, quy djnh

cdc thii tyc dgc bidt eho ngudi chua thdnh nidn, tdch

bipt hp vdi ngudi dd thdnh nidn vd hgn ehd su dyng

hinh phgt bao gdm dn tu hinh vd tii ehung thdn. Theo

Dgo ludt, ed 03 iogi ngudi ehua thanh nidn thudc phgm

vi dieu ehinh cua Dao iudt ndy gdm: Ngudi ehua thdnh

nien pham tdi; ngudi chua thanh nien dudi 14 tudi vi

phgm phdp lugt hinh sg; ngudi chua thdnh nien thupc

mpt trong cac trudng hgp sau day ed khd nang phgm

tdi hodc vi phgm phap lugt hinh su: (i) Cd xu hudng

khdng chju sg gidm sdt hgp phdp eua ngudi gidm sdt;

(ii) Rdi khdi nhd md khdng ed ly do chfnh ddng; (iii) Giao

du vdi ngudi cd tien an hinh su hoac ngudi xlu, hogc

thudng xuyen den nai khdng an todn; (vi) Cd xu hudng

thgc hipn hdnh vi x^u hoge gay dnh hudng xlu den

ngudi ehua thdnh nien khdc. Trong dd, Tda dn gia dinh

ehl ed th^ xem xet eac tnrdng hgp ngudi ehua thdnh

nien dudi 14 tudi khi nhu-ng ngudi nay duge thong ddc

dja phuang hoge gidm ddc tmng tam tu van tre em

quyet ^nh chuyen d4n Tda an gia dinh^.

2. Quy trinh x v 1;^ ngu^ i chua thanh nien ti^n

xdtxfr

2.1. Ngtmi chu^ thanh nien diriA 14 tuoi vl

phfim ph^p luat hinh sir

* Vu Phdp ludt hinh sif - hdnh chlnh, BQ Tuphdp Ddn chO & Phdp ludt I