Giáo dục ở Mỹ.

56 SO 04-2009 CHAU MY NGAY NAY

CIAO DUC d MY

"NgiCdi My coi gido due Id cong cu xoa

bo bdt binh ddng giUa cdc cd nhan vd dat

diidc moi muc tieu mong muo'n."

George S. Counts

S\i hin h than h cac trvifofng cong

cf My: nhufng qua n sat cua de

Tocqueville

Diing nhu ngUdi ta cd the mong ddi,

cac the che giao due d My phan anh

nhUng gia tri cd ban cua dan tdc, dac

biet la tu tudng binh dang ve cd hoi.

Tif trUdng tieu hdc den cao dang,

ngUdi My tin rang, moi ngUdi deu

xiing dang dUde hudng mot cd hdi

binh dang de cd mot nen giao due td't.

Ngay tif ddu, khi ngUdi My thiet

lap nen he thd'ng cac trUdng cdng ed

ban cua minh vao nam 1825, ho da tai

khang dinh nguyen tac cua binh dang

bang each (1) md trUdng hoc cho ta't ca

cac tang Idp dan cU My va (2) tai trd

cho cac trUdng bang tien thue thu

dUde ciia ta't ea eac cdng dan. NhUng

ngUdi img hd cac trUdng cdng nay tin

rang nhUng the che nay se lam giam

nhUng khac biet giai ca'p xa hdi d My

bang each giao due con em eua ta't ca

cac tang Idp xa hoi trong ciing "nhiing

trUdng hoc binh thUdng" nhU chiing

dUdc biet den tai thdi diem dd.

Khi Alexis de Tocqueville den My

vao nam 1831, dng da tha'y ra't thich

thii trUde cac trUdng tieu hoc cdng mdi

va dang phat trien. Thi trUdng cua

thanh phd' New York da mdi de

Tocqueville mot bUa tdi dac biet va

nang cdc chiic mifng de td Idng biet dn

"Giao due - sii phat trien eua cac trUdng

cdng - sii may man cua nUde My".

Edward Kearny

Vi la mot nha quy tdc Phap, de

Tocqueville trUdc he't da cd chung ndi

lo sd vdi mot so' ngUdi My giau cd tin

rang nen giao due phd cap se la mot

md'i nguy hdn la mot sii may man ciia

dan toe. Tuy nhien, cud'i ciing dng da

quye't dinh rang xu hUdng ciia giao due

cdng trong viec khuyen khich ngUdi

dan tim kiem mot dia vi cao hdn trong

cuoc sd'ng la hai hda chif khdng mau

thuan vdi nhUng tap quan ciia xa hoi

My. Tu tudng binh dang ve cd hdi cho

ta't ea moi ngUdi, ba't ke xua't xii gia

dinh, d My manh me hdn so vdi d

Phap.

De Tocqueville cung nhan tha'y

ring giao due cdng ciia My cd mot noi

dung thiic tien Idn hdn trong viec

giang day cac ky nang hoc nghe va

trach nhiem cdng dan. Do vay, giao

due cdng khdng chi dem lai cho ngUdi

My khat vong sd'ng td't hdn ma edn

cung cap cho ho nhUng cdng cu thiic

tien de thiie hien dieu dd. Hdn nUa, sii

giau cd ve vat cha't ciia My da dem lai

nhUng phan thUdng vat cha't cho

nhUng ngUdi biet tan dung cd hdi cua

mot nen giao due cdng.

Trong sudt mot the ky rUdi sau dd,

cac trUdng hoc cdng d My da phat trien,

bao gdm cac trUdng trung hoc (tif Idp 9

den Idp 12), cao dang va dai hoc.

Than g giao du e

NgUdi My coi he thd'ng trUdng cdng

cua ho la mot chie'c thang giao due,

bat dau tif trUdng tieu hoc den trung

hoe va cuoi eiing la cac chUdng trinh

cao dang va dai hoc. Hau he't tre em

deu bat dau di hoc tif liic nam tudi d

trUdng ml u giao, hay tham ehi tif liic