Giảng dạy thơ Đường trong trường phổ thông bằng cách tiếp cận văn hoá

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BANG CACH TIEP CAN VAN HOA

T[io Dudng Id dinh cao eiia thi eo nhdn lopl,

frdi qua non liXX) ndm, vdn giir nguygn

sire lay ddng sdu xa trong dn tupng ciio

nhirng ngudi quon tdm vd ygu thieh nghg thudt

tho ea. Dgy tho Dudng trong trudng phd thdng

cho hoy ed thi ndi Id mpt thdch thirc vdl nhilu

gido vign (GV) dpy vdn. Nhllu nhd nghign ciru,

GV ed tdm huylt dd duo ra cdc edeh Hip can

khde nhau: theo quan dilm ngir vdn, ehu nghTa

dn tupng, tir gdc dd xd hpi hpe, tii gdc dp thi

phdp hpc... Mdi cdch Hg'p edn ed nhifrig uu diem

vd hgn ehl rigng, song, d l hieu tho Duong frpn

v^n, khoa hpe vd ehinh xdc, edn trd tdc phdm v l

vdl cdl ngudn vdn hdo (VH) cy the dd sdn sinh ro

nd, Hm hilu md VH rigng bigt da tpo ldp ngn nd,

hoy edn tlip cdn tha Dudng tu gdc do VH.

VH Id tdng thi ede gid frj vdt chd't vd Hnh than

do eon ngudi sdng tpo ro trong qud trinh lich sir

ddi Idu. Mdi edng ddng ddn tpc ed mdt nIn VH

rigng, ihl hi^n dl^n mgo etio cpng ddng ddn Idc

dy. Vdn hpe chju dnh hudng tryc Hip tir khdng

gian VH eiia mdt thdi dpi vd truyin thdng VH

ddc ddo eiia mdt ddn tdc. Tu tudng frilt hpe, tdn

gido, phong tyc, t^p qudn, ngdn ngir, tu duy...

diu thude ve VH vd diu dnh hudng din vdn hpe,

do vdy Hip egn van hpc ciio ddn toe ndo phdi

dya trgn md VH ciio ddn tpc dd. Tilp cdn VH dd'l

vdl tho Dudng Id gidi md VH Trung Hoa frong

tho Dudng; Idm ndi bdt nhung sdc thdi VH phong

phii dupe thi hign frong tdc phd'm, khdm phd

tdng ihl Idc phd'm fren nhllu binh dien, nhilu

gdc d$; tu dd ddnh gid hit cdl hoy, cdl dep ciio

tdc phd'm vd y nghTa vdl cudc sd'ng nhdn lopi.

Ttio Dudng frong chuong trinh phd thdng, tu

THCS Ign THPT, dupe thilt k l theo Id'l vdng frdn

ddng Idm. d kip 7, hpc sinh (HS) dupe hpe vd

dpc cdc bdi Vgng Lu san bde bd, TTnh dg hi eua

Ly Bgch, Phong Kliu dg bgc ciio Truong Kl , Hal

huong ngSu mucua Hg Tri Chuong, Mao 6c vj

thu phong sd phd ea ciio Dd Phu. a ibp 70, HS

dupe hpe vd dpc cdc bdi Hodng Hgc Idu tdng

Mgnh Hao Nhlin ehl Quang Ldng cuo Ly

Tap ehi Glao due so 29 4 (ki a • >/aoiai

O ThS. D O THI HA GIANG'

Bgch, Thu hung ciio Dd Phij, frich T? bd hdnh cuo

Bgch Cu Dl, Hodng Hpc Idu ciia Thdi Hieu, Khui

odn Clio Vuong Xuong Linh, Diiu minh gidn eua

Vuong Duy. Bdng edeh tiep edn VH, GV phdi

hilu dupe ehllu sdu 5000 ndm ciia nIn vdn hod

Trung Hoa thi hien trong nhung hai tho dy d l li

gidi, phan tich edi hay mpl each trpn ven, tu dd,

gpi dupe hirng thu, khdl khao mudn Hm hieu, khdm

phd eua HS.

1. Ma ngdn ngi/

Khi fim hilu tho Dudng, phdi gidi md ngdn

ngir tho Dudng. Ngdn ngirld hinh thiic edm nhdn

vd li gidl thi gidi ciio ede thi nhdn. Id noi ehuyin

tdi, frinh hien vd ngung ty nhirng Idp VH dn tdng

frong ndi dung vdn bdn. Id ehia khdo md cdnh

Clio di vdo thi gidl nghe thudt cuo Idc phdm.

Nlu khdng tilp xue vdl vdn bdn tdc phdm tCr ngdn

ngir da tgo ldp ngn nd, chiing to se khd Idng edm

nhgn hodn chinh, sdu sdc dupe. Vdl thye trpng

day hpc (DH) d trudng phd thdng hign nay, ddi

hdi GV vd HS tilp xue vdl vdn bdn tho Dudng h>

fling Trung Id dieu khdng thi. Vi vgy, DH tho

Dudng phdi k)dm vdo vdn b>dn phien dm Hdn -

Viet frong SGK chii khdng phdi Id bdn dich tho

eua ede djch gid Vigt Nam. Nlu GV ehi hudng

cidn HS bdm vdo cdu chu cuo bdn djch tho d l

phdn tich, binh gidng se khdng thd'y hit edi hoy

eiia tho Dudng, bdi ngdn ngO tho Dudng hdm

sue, ed dpng, tinh tupng trung coo, dd khdi qudt

k5n. De hieu tho Dudng, Hep egn vdi vdn bdn

phign dm Hdn - Viet khdng don thudn ehi gidi

nghTo tu dya vdo ehu thieh frong SGK, GV edn

hudng dan HS phdn tich, edm tny, binh gid ve

dep eiia bdi tho quo he thdng h> ngir, kit cd'u

ngir phdp, he thdng hinh Krpng... dupe hinh thiie

ngdn ngir chuyen tdi.

Vi dy, khi khdm phd bdi Hodng Hgc Idu eiia

Thdi Hieu, rd rang nhd tho dd ed dyng y nghe

ihudt khi phd edeh Iudt tho Dudng frong bdn cdu

ddu: Tich nhdn dl thira hodng hgc khu/Thu dja

' Si Glao d*c - Bao t^o Bk Giang