Factors affecting the work motivation of office workers in enterprises in Ho Chi Minh city, 2022

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE STATE BANK OF VIET NAM

BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY

NGUYỄN TRƯƠNG THẢO NHI

Factors Affecting The Work Motivation Of Office

Workers In Enterprises In Ho Chi Minh City

GRADUATE THESIS OUTLINE

MAJOR: BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

CODE:7340101

HO CHI MINH CITY, 2022

NGUYỄN TRƯƠNG THẢO NHI

Factors Affecting The Work Motivation Of Office

Workers In Enterprises In Ho Chi Minh City

GRADUATE THESIS OUTLINE

MAJOR: BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

SUPERVISOR

Ph.D. TRẦN HẢI VÂN

HO CHI MINH CITY, 2022

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE STATE BANK OF VIET NAM

BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY

ABSTRACT

The topic "Factors affecting the working motivation of office workers in

enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City", was conducted in Ho Chi Minh City from March

2022 to June 2022.

The general objective of the study is to study the factors affecting the work

motivation of office workers in order to offer suggestions and solutions to attract,

retain talents and improve efficiency employee work activities thereby creating

better company profits.

Research methods include qualitative research and quantitative research. In the

quantitative research analysis, the researcher performed descriptive statistics to test

the scale, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multivariate regression analysis.

The number of valid samples collected is 337 through a survey questionnaire by

random selection method. Research using multivariate regression through SPSS 26

softwareResearch methods include qualitative research and quantitative research. In

the quantitative research analysis, the researcher performed descriptive statistics to

test the scale, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multivariate regression

analysis. The number of valid samples collected is 337 through a survey

questionnaire by random selection method. Research using multivariate regression

through SPSS 26 software. The results identified 7 factors affecting the work

motivation of office workers in enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City which are

characteristics of work, salary, benefits, superior's support, training and promotion,

relationship factor among co-worker, working environment conditions with beta

coefficients are respectively ( 0.279, 0.172, 0.160, 0.157,

0.113, 0.96, 0.064 ) shows the descending gradual impact of these factors on the

work motivation of office workers in Ho Chi Minh City

DECLARATION

My name is Nguyen Truong Thao Nhi, and I'm the author of the bachelor's

thesis in economics titled "Factors Affecting the Working Motivation of Office

Workers in Ho Chi Minh City." I hereby declare that this is my own research work

conducted under the supervision of my scientific supervisor, and that the findings of

this research have not been used in any report (report, graduation thesis) or at any

other level. All inherited and referenced content from other sources is fully cited

and specified in the list of references.

Author

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

To begin completing this graduation thesis, I would like to express my

heartfelt gratitude to the teachers at the Faculty of Business Administration,

Banking University of Ho Chi Minh City for imparting knowledge during the

course of my school studies.In particular, I would like to express my deep gratitude

to my mentor, Tran Hai Van, who wholeheartedly guided, helped and guided me to

complete this thesis happily and successfully. Due to limited knowledge, in the

process of completing and completing this graduation thesis, I cannot avoid making

mistakes. I look forward to receiving your comments and suggestions as well as the

teachers in the Committee to make the graduation course better.

Author

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction ...............................................................................................1

1.1. Background of the study...................................................................................1

1.2. Research aim and research objectives ..............................................................2

1.2.1. The study’s aim ..........................................................................................2

1.2.2. Research objectives....................................................................................2

1.3. Research questions............................................................................................2

1.4. Scope of research..............................................................................................2

1.5. Research Methodologies...................................................................................3

1.6. The contribution of the research .......................................................................3

1.7. Proposed structure of the thesis........................................................................3

Summary Of Chapter 1 ...............................................................................................5

Chapter 2: Literature Review......................................................................................6

2.1. Theoretical foundations....................................................................................6

2.1.1. Definition of work motivation....................................................................6

2.1.2. Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory...........................................................7

2.1.3. B.F. Skinner's positive reinforcement theory.............................................8

2.1.4. Expectancy Theory.....................................................................................8

2.1.5. Theory of Justice (J. Stacy Adam 1963). ...................................................9

2.2. Previous research ..............................................................................................9

2.3. Hypothetical proposal and Proposed Research Model ...................................14

2.3.1. Hypothetical proposal...............................................................................14

2.3.2. Research model proposal..........................................................................18

Summary Of Chapter 2 .............................................................................................21

Chapter 3: Research Design ......................................................................................22

3.1. Research process.............................................................................................22

3.2. Data collection ................................................................................................23

3.3. Scale formulation...........................................................................................25

3.3.1. Scale Of Characteristics Of Job ...............................................................25

3.3.2. Scale of Salary..........................................................................................26

3.3.3. Scale of Benefits.......................................................................................26

3.3.4. Scale of Training and promotion..............................................................27

3.3.5. Scale of Relationship between Co-workers .............................................27

3.3.6. Scale of Support of leaders.......................................................................28

3.3.7. Scale of Work environment conditions....................................................28

3.4. Preliminary quantitative research ...................................................................28

3.4.1. Preliminary quantitative research design .................................................28

3.4.2. Preliminary quantitative research results .................................................29

3.5. Formal Quantitative Research ........................................................................31

Summary Of Chapter 3 .............................................................................................36

Chapter 4: Research Results......................................................................................37

4.1. Descriptive Statistics ......................................................................................37

4.2. Cronbach Alpha analysis................................................................................41

4.3. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA)..................................................................43

4.3.1. Factor analysis for independent variable..................................................43

4.3.2. Factor analysis for dependent variables ...................................................47

4.4. Correlation analysis........................................................................................48

4.5. Regression analysis.........................................................................................50

4.6. Testing of the sample......................................................................................55

4.7. Discussing research results.............................................................................59

Summary Of Chapter 4 .............................................................................................63

Chapter 5: Conclusions And Management Implications ..........................................64

5.1. Conclusion ......................................................................................................64

5.2. Management implications...............................................................................64

5.2.1. For job characteristics ..............................................................................65

5.2.2. For salary..................................................................................................65

5.2.3. For benefits...............................................................................................66

5.2.4. For Training and promotion .....................................................................66

5.2.5. For the relationship with co-workers .......................................................67

5.2.6. For support of leader ..............................................................................68

5.2.7. For work environment conditions ............................................................68

5.3. Limitations and directions for further research ..............................................69

References.................................................................................................................70

Appendix 1: Preliminary Research .............................................................................1

Appendix 2 : Official Survey Questions.....................................................................5

Appendix 3: Examination The Variables With Cronbach Alpha .............................11

Appendix 4: Exploratory Factor Analysis (Efa) .......................................................17

Appendix 5: Regression Analysis.............................................................................20

Appendix 6: Testing Of The Sample ........................................................................23

List Of Acronyms

Acronyms Meaning

ANOVA Analysis of Variance

Ben Benefits

Cow Relationships with co-worker

Env Work environment

EFA Exploratory Factor Analysis

KMO Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin

Moti Work Motivation Of Office Workers

Pay Salary

Prom Training and promotion

Sup Support of leaders

SPSS Statistical Package for the Social

Sciences

SIG. Significance level

VIF Variance inflation factor

Work Job characteristics

List Of Tables

Table 2. 1 Summary Of Related Research................................................................11

Table 2. 2 Expected Factors Included In The Proposed Model................................13

Table 3. 1 Five-level Likert scale..............................................................................25

Table 3. 2 Scale Of Characteristics Of Job ...............................................................25

Table 3. 3 Scale of Salary .........................................................................................26

Table 3. 4 Scale of Benefits ......................................................................................26

Table 3. 5 Scale of Training and promotion .............................................................27

Table 3. 6 Scale of Relationship between Co-workers.............................................27

Table 3. 7 Scale of Support of leaders ......................................................................28

Table 3. 8 Scale of Work environment conditions....................................................28

Table 3. 9 Test the reliability of the scales of the preliminary quantitative research

sample.................................................................................................................29

Table 3. 10 Formal research scale.............................................................................31

Table 4. 1 Rate of gender..........................................................................................37

Table 4. 2 Rate of age ...............................................................................................38

Table 4. 3 Rate of marital status................................................................................38

Table 4. 4 Rate of education level.............................................................................39

Table 4. 5 Rate of work experience ..........................................................................39

Table 4. 6 Rate of income .........................................................................................40

Table 4. 7 Cronbach Alpha analysis results table .....................................................41

Table 4. 8 KMO and Bartlett's Test for independent variable ..................................43

Table 4. 9 Eigenvalues and covariance deviations for independent variables..........45

Table 4. 10 Result of independent factor analysis with principal varimax rotation

method ................................................................................................................45

Table 4. 11 The result of KMO and Bartlett’s Test for dependent variable .............47

Table 4. 12 Eigenvalue and covariance deviations for dependent variables ............47

Table 4. 13 The factor rotation matrix of the dependent variable ............................48

Table 4. 14 Pearson correlation analysis results.......................................................49

Table 4. 15 Model summary .....................................................................................50

Table 4. 16 Anova analysis......................................................................................50

Table 4. 17 Result of dependent variables’ linear regression ...................................51

Table 4. 18 Independent Sample T-test by gender....................................................55

Table 4. 19 Independent Sample T-test by marital status.........................................55

Table 4. 20 One- way analysis of variance by age...................................................56

Table 4. 21 One- way analysis of variance by experience.......................................57

Table 4. 22 One- way analysis of variance by education.........................................58

Table 4. 23 One- way analysis of variance by income ............................................59

Table 4. 24 Summary table of hypothesis testing results.........................................61