Evaluating Water Quality Characteristics Of Red River In Cam Khe Distrct Phu Tho Province

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This thesis cannot become a reality without kind support and helps of many

individuals, I would like to extend my sincere thanks to:

The heads of Vietnam National University of Forestry, Faculty of Forest Resources

and Environmental Management provided opportunity, essential conditions for me to finish

this research.

I am grateful to my supervisor, Dr. Bui Xuan Dung, whose expertise, understanding,

generous guidance and continuous support made it possible for me to work on a topic that I

chose. It was my pleasure being his student.

I am hugely indebted to the staff of Center for Environmental Analysis & Application

of Geospatial Technology for spending time and consideration to analyze the samples I

collected.

Besides, I would like to thank my family, acquaintances for their encouragement,

support during the period of conducting this study. Without their support, I would not have

been able to complete this thesis.

Despite spending the best efforts in the thesis conducting process, this research still

has many shortcomings due to the limitations of time, finance and my ability. I am looking

forward to receiving comments from teachers, friends to a better thesis completion.

Thank you!

Hanoi, 15th September 2019.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...................................................................................i

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................ii

LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................iv

LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................ v

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................... vi

ABSTRACT....................................................................................................... 1

I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 2

1.1. Introduction................................................................................................. 2

1.2. Literature review ......................................................................................... 3

II. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ........................................................................ 7

2.1. Goal............................................................................................................. 7

2.2. Objectives ................................................................................................... 7

III. STUDY SITE AND METHOD .................................................................... 8

3.1. Study site..................................................................................................... 8

3.1.1. Some characteristics of Cam Khe district ................................................. 8

3.1.2. Some characteristics of Red river. .......................................................... 11

3.2. Determining the potential factors............................................................... 13

3.2.1. Methods of collecting, synthesizing and analyzing data.......................... 13

3.2.2. Specialized software ............................................................................... 13

3.3. Method for collecting samples and samples preservation .......................... 13

3.4. Laboratory analysis ................................................................................... 17

3.5. Data analysis ............................................................................................. 18

3.5.1. QCVN .................................................................................................... 18

3.5.2. WQI calculation ..................................................................................... 19

IV. RESUTLS AND DISCUSSION................................................................. 24

4.1. Potential factors impact on water quality of Red river ............................... 24

4.2. Evaluating water quality of Red river ........................................................ 26

4.2.1. Water quality of Red river according to QCVN 08:2015/MONRE ......... 26

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4.2. Water quality of Red river according to WQI............................................ 35

4.3. Suggesting solutions.................................................................................. 38

V. CONCLUSION – LIMITATION - SUGGESTIONS................................... 39

5.1. Conclusion ................................................................................................ 39

5.2. Limitation.................................................................................................. 39

5.3. Suggestions for future researches. ............................................................. 39

REFERENCES

APPENDIX 1

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1. Characteristics of 13 sample sites.................................................... 14

Table 3.2 Measuring methods for each parameter ............................................ 17

Table 3.3. Specific value for surface water quality parameters......................... 18

Table 3.4. Specifying qi and BPi values ........................................................... 20

Table 3.5. Specifying BPi and qi values based on % DOsaturation value ......... 21

Table 3.6. Specified BPi and qi values in accordance with pH parameter.......... 22

Table 3.7. Water quality index and status of water quality ............................... 23

Table 4.1: Turbidity measured at the study sites............................................... 34

Table 4.2. Temperature of water measured at the study sites............................ 34

Table 4.3. Evacuation of water quality of Red river according to WQI ............ 35

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LIST OF FIGURES

Fig 3.1: Map of study site................................................................................... 8

Fig 3.2. Map of survey points at 13 villages in Cam Khe district...................... 15

Fig 3.3. (a) Quick measuring; (b) taking water samples; (c) laboratory analysis........ 16

Fig 4.1: Map of land use types along Red river ................................................ 24

Fig 4.2. Percentage of land use types along Red river....................................... 25

Fig 4.3: Characteristics of pH in two times at the sample sites ......................... 26

Fig 4.4: BOD5 measured at the sample sites..................................................... 27

Fig 4.5. COD measured at the study sites. ........................................................ 28

Fig 4.6. DO measured at the study sites............................................................ 29

Fig 4.7. N-NH4 measured at the study sites...................................................... 30

Fig 4.8. P-PO4 measured at the study sites........................................................ 31

Fig 4.9. TSS measured at the study sites........................................................... 32

Fig 4.10. Coliform measured at study sites....................................................... 33

Fig 4.11. Water quality of Red river according to WQI.................................... 36