Evaluation Of Water Quality In The Headwater Of Nhue River

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Firstly, I would like to gratefully thank my advisor Msc. Phi Thi Hai Ninh for her

suggestion and instruction. She was enthusiastic, encouraging and faithful with me

throughout the period of the thesis and has been extremely helpful. Besides, I’m thankful

to Dr. Nguyen Hai Hoa who helped me to do Arc GISs.

Secondly, I am indebted to local people, who are living in the study area, provided

good conditions and helpful information for me to do my research.

In addition, I would like to thank Hanoi Natural Resources and Environment

Department who provided information data about Nhue River. When I was conducting

thesis research, the Hanoi Monitoring and Analysis Environment Resource Center taught

and helped me to carry out experiments in my data analysis process.

Thirdly, I am grateful to Vietnam Forestry University, Advanced Education

Program, and Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA for

providing a professional learning environment and well educated teachers.

Finally, I would like to thank my parents and my friends that supported and helped me to

complete this thesis.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1

II. OVERALL GOALS AND OBJECTIVES........................................................................2

2.1. Overall goals...................................................................................................................2

2.2. Specific objectives..........................................................................................................3

III. METHODS ......................................................................................................................3

3.1. Method of sampling and sample preservation ................................................................3

When collecting water samples, it is importantly noted that:................................................4

3.2. Laboratory analyses....................................................................................................5

3.3. WQI calculation..............................................................................................................5

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......................................................................................9

4.1. Issue of Nhue River ........................................................................................................9

4.2. The main sources of water pollution of the lower Nhue River in Hanoi..................11

4.2.1. Domestic wastewater ............................................................................................11

4.2.2. Industrial wastewater ............................................................................................11

4.2.3. Village wastewater................................................................................................12

4.2.4. Hospital waste .......................................................................................................12

4.2.5. Solid waste ............................................................................................................12

4.3. Evaluation of Nhue River water quality .......................................................................13

4.3.1. Evaluation of river water quality based on National Technical Regulation on surface

water quality: .......................................................................................................................14

4.3. 2. The evaluation of surface water quality based on WQI........................................18

4.3.3. Distributing the partition map about Nhue River water quality based on WQI ........21

4.4. Solutions for an efficient management and sustainable use of surface water

resources: .............................................................................................................................22

V. CONCLUSIONS.............................................................................................................22

VI. REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................23

APPENDICES .....................................................................................................................24

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1: Geographical locations of sampling .....................................................................3

Table 3.2: Laboratory analysis...............................................................................................5

Table 3.3: Specifying qi and BPi values................................................................................6

Table 3.4: Specifying BPi and qi values based on %DOsaturaion........................................7

Table 3.5: Specified BPi and qi values in accordance with pH parameter............................8

Table 3.6: Water quality index and status of water quality ...................................................9

Table 4.1: The volume of wastewater discharged to lakes and rivers in Hanoi ..................10

Table 4.2. Analysis parameters of Nhue River....................................................................13

Table 4.3: Nhue River water quality and WQI 2014...........................................................18