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Estimation Of Above Ground Carbon Stocks Of Mangrove Forests From Remote Sensing And Field Data In Hai Ha District Quang Ninh Province During 2016 2019
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Estimation Of Above Ground Carbon Stocks Of Mangrove Forests From Remote Sensing And Field Data In Hai Ha District Quang Ninh Province During 2016 2019

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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY

FOREST RESOURCES & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FACULTY

=========================

STUDENT THESIS

ESTIMATION OF ABOVE-GROUND CARBON STOCKS OF

MANGROVE FORESTS FROM REMOTE SENSING AND

FIELD DATA IN HAI HA DISTRICT, QUANG NINH

PROVINCE DURING 2016 – 2019

Major: Natural Resources Management

Code: D850101

Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management

Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hai-Hoa Nguyen

Student: Vu Hong Son Student ID: 1553090678

Class: K60 Natural Resources Management Course: 2015 – 2019

Advanced Education Program

Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA

Ha Noi, 2019

i

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This research is supported by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and

Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 105.08-2017.05.

During the study period, I received a lot of valuable help and support that guide and

inspire me to overcome all difficulties and complete my study.

Firstly, I would like to express my gratefulness to the School Board of the Vietnam

National University of Forestry and the Faculty of Forest Resources and Environmental

Management for the favorable conditions to carry out my study.

Secondly, I sincerely thank to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hai-Hoa Nguyen, my supervisor who

gave me aplenty of useful guidance and advice that help me to finish my study.

Thirdly, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to the Managing Board

of Forest Protection Department of Hai Ha district because of the permission and enthusiasm

support for me to implement the field survey.

Last but not least, I am greatly thankful to my group members for accompanying me in

the hard but meaningful time.

In short, I really thank to all people helping me to finish this study.

Hanoi, September 25th

, 2019

Author

Vu Hong Son

ii

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Chapter I................................................................................................................................ 1

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1

Chapter 2

LITERATURE REVIEW....................................................................................................... 3

2.1. Overview of coastal mangrove .................................................................................... 3

2.1.1. Status and distribution of mangrove forest in the world......................................... 3

2.1.2. Significance of mangroves carbon stock ............................................................... 5

2.1.3. Status and distribution of mangrove forest in Viet Nam ........................................ 6

2.1.4. Status and distribution of mangrove in Hai Ha, Quang Ninh ................................. 7

2.2. Application of remote sensing data and GIS to mangrove mapping and carbon stocks

estimation .......................................................................................................................... 9

2.2.1. Mangrove biomass and carbon pools estimation approach in the world................. 9

2.2.2. Advantages of applying remote sensing and GIS in mangrove forest studies. ...... 11

2.2.3. Application of remote sensing data and GIS to mangrove studies in the world .... 12

2.2.4. Application of remote sensing data and GIS to mangrove studies in Viet Nam.... 14

Chapter 3

GOAL, OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY................................................................. 15

3.1. Goal .......................................................................................................................... 15

3.2. Objectives ................................................................................................................. 15

3.3. METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................... 16

3.3.1. Remote sensing data ........................................................................................... 16

3.3.2. Investigating the status of mangrove forests and management scheme in Hai Ha

district, Quang Ninh province....................................................................................... 16

3.3.3. Calculating above-ground biomass and carbon stocks of mangrove forests during

2013- 2019 in Hai Ha district, Quang Ninh province .................................................... 19

3.3.4. Quantify the changes in above-ground biomass and carbon stocks of mangrove

forests during 2016 - 2019 in Hai Ha district, Quang Ninh province ............................. 23

Chapter 4

NATURAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS...................................................... 25

4.1. Study site .................................................................................................................. 25

iii

4.2. Natural conditions ..................................................................................................... 25

4.3. Socio-economic conditions........................................................................................ 26

Chapter 5

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS......................................................................................... 28

5.1. Status of mangrove forests in Hai Ha district, Quang Ninh province.......................... 28

5.1.1. Spatial distribution of Hai Ha mangrove forests.................................................. 28

5.1.2. Species identification in study area ..................................................................... 34

5.1.3. Current management scheme of Hai Ha mangrove forests................................... 34

5.2. Above-ground biomass and carbon stocks of mangrove forests during 2016- 2019 in

Hai Ha district, Quang Ninh province............................................................................... 35

5.2.1. Above-ground biomass and corresponding NDVI value of sub-plots in 2019...... 35

5.2.2. Development of regression models ..................................................................... 35

5.2.3. Above-ground biomass and carbon stocks of study area...................................... 37

5.3. Changes in above-ground biomass and carbon stocks of mangrove forests ................ 42

5.3.1. Changes in above-ground biomass during 2016 – 2019....................................... 42

5.3.2. Change in above-ground carbon.......................................................................... 42

5.4. Solutions to enhance carbon stocks of mangrove forests in studies sites..................... 45

5.4.1. Mechanism and policy solutions......................................................................... 45

5.4.2. Technical solutions............................................................................................. 45

5.4.3. Implementation of carbon sequestration payment mangrove forests.................... 46

Chapter 6

CONCLUSION, LIMITATION AND FURTHER STUDY ................................................. 48

6.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 48

6.2. Limitations and further study..................................................................................... 48

REFFERNCES .................................................................................................................... 49

iv

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1: Mangroves extent in the world (ha)....................................................................... 3

Table 2.2: The 15 mangrove-rich countries. .......................................................................... 4

Table 2.3: Mangrove forest distribution in Hai Ha district, Quang Ninh province in 2017. .... 8

Table 2.4: Mangrove afforestation projects in Hai Ha district from 1999 to 2016. ................. 8

Table 2.5: Allometric equations for biomass calculation of mangrove trees. .......................... 9

Table 3.1: Satellite images information. .............................................................................. 16

Table 3.2: Field investigation plots...................................................................................... 20

Table 3.3: Field data collection tables.................................................................................. 21

Table 3.4: Wood density of mangrove species studied......................................................... 22

Table 3.5: Regression models acquired for the test .............................................................. 23

Table 5.1: Accuracy assessment of land cover map in 2019................................................. 28

Table 5.2: Above-ground biomass and corresponding NDVI of sub-plots in 2019. .............. 35

Table 5.3: R-square values and parameters estimated of regression model tested................. 36

Table 5.4: Above-ground biomass and above-ground carbon of study area in 8/2019 and

12/2016................................................................................................................................ 37

Table 5.5: Money from C-PFES for above-ground carbon of mangrove forest in Hai Ha

district on 12/2019. .............................................................................................................. 46

v

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 2.1 : Comparison of mangrove C storage (mean ±95% confidence interval) with that of

major global forest domains. .................................................................................................. 5

Fig. 3.1: Polygon of study area. ........................................................................................... 17

Fig. 3.2: Spatial distribution of field investigation plots. ...................................................... 20

Fig. 4.1: Map of study area. ................................................................................................. 25

Fig. 5.1: Land cover map of study area in 2019.................................................................... 29

Fig. 5.2: NDVI values for Hai Ha mangrove forests in 2019. ............................................... 30

Fig. 5.3: Land cover map of study area in 2016.................................................................... 32

Fig. 5.4: NDVI values for Hai Ha mangrove forests in 2016. ............................................... 33

Fig. 5.5: Quadratic regression model of biomass and corresponding NDVI value. ............... 36

Fig. 5.6: Spatial distribution of above-ground biomass of Hai Ha mangrove forests in 2019. 38

Fig. 5.7: Spatial distribution of carbon stocks of Hai Ha mangrove forests in 2019. ............. 39

Fig. 5.8: Spatial distribution of above-ground biomass of Hai Ha mangrove forests in 2016. 40

Fig. 5.9: Spatial distribution of carbon stocks of Hai Ha mangrove forests in 2016. ............. 41

Fig. 5.10: Above-ground biomass changed from 2016 to 2019 of Hai Ha mangrove forests. 43

Fig. 5.11: Carbon stocks changed from 2016 to 2019 of Hai Ha mangrove forests. .............. 44

LIST OF DIAGRAMS

Diagram 3.1: Establishment processes of land covers and NDVI map. ................................ 17

Diagram 3.2: Total above-ground biomass calculation process. .......................................... 19

Diagram 3.3: Processes of quantifying the changes in above-ground biomass..................... 24

and carbon stocks................................................................................................................. 24

Diagram 5.1: Mangrove management scheme in Hai Ha district, Quang Ninh province. ..... 34

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