Estimation Of Above Ground Biomass And Carbon Stocks Of Mangrove Forests From Remote Sensing And Field Data In Mong Cai City Quang Ninh Province During 2016 2019

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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY

FOREST RESOURCES & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FACULTY

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STUDENT THESIS

ESTIMATION OF ABOVE-GROUND CARBON STOCKS OF

MANGROVE FORESTS FROM REMOTE SENSING AND FIELD

DATA IN MONG CAI CITY, QUANG NINH PROVINCE

DURING 2016 – 2019

Major: Natural Resources Management

Code: D850101

Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management

Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hai-Hoa Nguyen

Student: Pham Van Bang Student ID: 1553090753

Class: K60 Natural Resources Management Course: 2015 – 2019

Advanced Education Program

Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA

Ha Noi, 2019

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research is supported by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and

Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 105.08-2017.05.

On the occasion of completing this thesis, I would like to express deep gratitude to

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hai- Hoa Nguyen who has guided and helped me in the process of the

implementation and the completion of this study.

I sincerely thank teachers in Faculty of Forest Resources and Environmental

Management for the encouragements and suggestions and for helping me to improve the

quality of my study.

I would also like express our gratitude to the staffs of Mong Cai -Forest Protection

Department and local people who living there for the enthusiastic support during my works.

Due to the limited knowledge and experiences, this report is not finalized yet.

I’m looking forward to receiving feedback from teachers and friends to improve this

scientific research.

I sincerely thank you all!

Ha Noi, 30, September, 2019

Author

Pham Van Bang

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ABBREVIATION

GIS: Geographic Information System

FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization

UNEP: United Nations Environment Program

ITTO: International Tropical Timber Organization

ISE: Society for Mangrove Ecosystems

UNESCO: United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization

AGB: Above-ground Biomass

AGC: Above-ground Carbon

VIs: Vegetation Indices

DBH: Diameter at Breast Height

RS: Remote Sensing

REDD+

: Reduce Emission from Deforestation and forest Degradation

GPS: Global Position System

NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences

PFES: Payment for Forest Environment Services

PES: Payment for Forest Services

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CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………………….i

ABBREVIATION .................................................................................................................ii

LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................................. v

LIST OF DIAGRAMS........................................................................................................... v

LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. vi

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 1

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................. 3

2.1. Overview of mangroves and remote sensing data .......................................................... 3

2.1.1. Overview of mangroves.......................................................................................... 3

2.1.2. Mangrove biomass and coastal services.................................................................. 6

2.2. Mangroves biomass and carbon stock in the worldwide................................................... 7

2.2.1. Mangroves biomass in the world............................................................................. 7

2.2.2. Mangroves biomass in Vietnam.............................................................................. 8

2.3. Application of GIS and remote sensing to estimate mangrove biomass and carbon stock. 9

CHAPTER 3 GOAL, OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY............................................ 12

3.1. Overall Goal.................................................................................................................. 12

3.2. Specific objectives ........................................................................................................ 12

3.3. Equipments................................................................................................................... 12

3.4. Methods........................................................................................................................ 13

3.4.1. Current status of mangrove forest in Mong Cai district, Quang Ninh province ...... 13

3.4.2. Estimate above-ground biomass and carbon stocks of mangrove forest................. 14

3.4.3. Quantify changes in above-ground biomass and carbon stocks of mangrove forests

....................................................................................................................................... 20

3.4.4. Propose solutions to enhance carbon stocks of mangrove forests in Mong Cai

district, Quang Ninh province......................................................................................... 21

CHAPTER 4 NATURAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS................................. 22

4.1. Features of natural conditions........................................................................................ 22

4.1.1. Geographical location........................................................................................... 22

4.1.2. Topography and hydrology................................................................................... 22

4.2. Social-economic condition ............................................................................................ 23

CHAPTER 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ................................................................... 24

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5.1. Status of mangrove forests and management scheme in Mong Cai district, Quang Ninh

province............................................................................................................................... 24

5.1.1. Status of mangrove forests.................................................................................... 24

5.1.2. Status map of mangrove forests............................................................................ 25

5.2. Above-ground biomass and carbon stocks of mangrove forests ..................................... 30

5.2.1. Above-ground biomass and corresponding NDVI value of sub-plots in 2019........ 30

5.2.2. Development of regression models for biomass and carbon stock ......................... 30

5.3. Changes in above-ground biomass and carbon stock of mangrove forests during 2016 –

2019 in Mong Cai city, Quang Ninh province ...................................................................... 38

5.3.1. Changes in above-ground biomass........................................................................ 38

5.3.2. Changes in above-ground carbon stocks ............................................................... 40

5.4. Solutions for mangrove management towards PFES in Mong Cai city, Quang Ninh

province............................................................................................................................... 42

5.4.1. Implementation of carbon payments for mangrove forests .................................... 42

5.4.2. Mechanism and policy solutions........................................................................... 44

5.4.3. Technical solutions............................................................................................... 44

CHAPTER VI CONCLUSIONS, LIMITATIONS AND FURTHER STUDY...................... 45

6.1. Conclusions .................................................................................................................. 45

6.2. Limitations and further study......................................................................................... 45

REFERENCES......................................................................................................... 47