Đôi điều về "Chương trình đầu vào" và "chương trình đầu ra"

Y KIEN - TRAO DOI

D O I DIE U V E "CHUON G TRIN H DA U VA O

V A "CHUON G TRIN H DA U RA "

O PGS. TS. VU NHO*

1 - Theo hieu biet cua nguai viet, Viet Nam

vdn khong co chuyen gia chuang trinh (CT). Truac

day, d nude ta chi cd Ban tu thu, vai nhiem vy Id

bien soan sdeh gido khoa (dung nhu ten goi!) vd

cung quyet djnh ngudi hoc can hoc nhung gi de

bien soan sdeh cho phu hqp. Chua thdy ndi den

CT mdn hpc.

Ndm 1 980, sang Nga Idm nghien cuu sinh;

vi Idm ve phuang phdp cho nen ngudi viet phdi

tim hieu CT vd duqc tiep xuc vdi tdi lieu: «Du

thdo CT cdi cdch bp mdn tieng Viet vd Vdn hpc"

cua Vien Khoa hpc gido dye (in rd-ne-d, 35

trang). Ndi dung cua CT cung dan gidn, gdm

ndi dung HS se hpc, ten tdc gid, tdc phdm se cd

mdt trong sdeh gido khoa.

Khi xdy dyng CT Ngu van THCS (ban hdnh

theo Quyet djnh so 03/2002/QD- BGD&OT,

GS. Dd Huu Chdu chju trdch nhiem chung vd kiem

phan tieng Viet, ngudi viet Id thdnh vien chju trdch

nhiem ve phdn Vdn vd TS. Do Ngoc Thdng chju

trdch nhiem ve phdn Tap Idm vdn), chung tdi cd Idm

viec vdi chuyen gia CT Australia sang giup xdy dyng

CT tich hqp. Cdc mdn se tich hqp theo cdch sau: Ljch

su tich hqp vdi Dja li; Li, Hda, Sinh tich hqp thdnh

mdn Khoa hpc tu nhien; Vdn, Tieng Viet, Ldm vdn

tich hap thdnh Ngu vdn. Rieng mdn Ngu vdn dupe

tich hpp mdt cdch khd triet de, chdt che.

Tren ca sd CT ndy, Vien Chien luqc vd CT

gido dye dd ke thua vd bien soan hoan chinh bd

CT tu lap 1 den lap 1 2 vd cd them phdn Chudn

kien thuc, KT ndng bien soan cy the cho moi chu

de cua tung lap. Ldn ddu tien cd mdt Bp CT hoan

chinh, thd'ng nhdt cdc mdn tu lap 1 den lap 1 2

(ban hdnh kem theo Quyet djnh sd' 16/2006/

QD- BCD&DTj. Tuy nhien, CT cung khdng duqc

nhac den Id CT gi nhung dd ddp ung yeu cdu

ddi mdi gido dye phd thdng cua nude ta.

Gdn day, sy giao luu qud'c te md rdng. Chung

ta cd nhieu dip de tiep xuc vdi cdc nen gido dye

khdc nhau, cdc CT gido dye khdc nhau, vi the sy

hieu biet ve CT cung tdng len ddng ke. Bay gid

mdi nghe ndi den loai «CT dau vdo" (cdn gqi Id

CT npi dung, tieng Anh Id input hope income),

«CT dau ra" (cdn gqi Id CT ndng lyc, tieng Anh

Id output hope outcome). Vdy, CT cua Viet Nam

dd bien soan Id loai CT gi? «Dau vdo" hay «dau

ra"? Hay ket hqp cd hai?

Thdng 12/2009, tai Vien Khoa hoc gido dye

Viet Nam, GS. J. Ra-mu-sen dd trinh bay gidn

dj, de hieu nhung cung rdt khoa hoc ve CT ndi

dung vd CT ndng lyc. Theo dng, CT ndi dung Id

CT quy djnh cy the hoc sinh (HS) can phdi hpc bdi

gi, gido vien (GV) can day bdi dd theo trinh ty

ndo. Nhu vdy, cdc bdi trong SGK Id rdt quan trqng,

vd viec GV day cdc bdi dd nhu the ndo cung Id

dieu quan tdm hdng ddu cua nhd qudn li. Tdt nhien

nhu the, viec HS hoc nhung gi, hoc nhu the ndo se

khdng duqc quan tdm hodc quan tdm khdng dung

muc vd rdt de xdy ra tinh trqng «qud tdi" vi chi

chu y den GV md khdng hodc it chu y de'n HS.

Khi GV day xong cdc bdi theo phdn phdi CT,

ddnh ddu vdo d «hodn thdnh" - cung tuc Id CT

hoan thdnh. Cdn CT ndng lyc lqi khdng quan tdm

Idm den viec dua vdo nhung bdi gi, GV cdn day

ndi dung cy the ndo md chu yeu duqc thiet ke

dya tren ki vong vdo ngudi hoc. HS hoc xong

CT, hq cd duqc kien thuc, kT ndng vd thai dd nhu

the ndo? Hq cd the Idm duqc gi khi vdo cudc

sdng? Nhu vdy, trqng tdm chu y khdng phdi Id

GV md Id HS. Ddi tuqng logic cua viec day hoc Id

HS chu khdng phdi Id ndi dung day hoc.

Rd rdng, CT cua Dan Mach vd cdc nude Bde

Au dd thay ddi tu CT ndi dung sang CT ndng lyc,

chuyen trqng tdm tu ngudi day (GV) sang trqng

tdm Id ngudi hoc (HS).

Tuy nhien, trong vdn de ndy, ngudi viet xin

duqc trao ddi them vdi y:

* Vien Khoa hpc giao due Viet Nam