Dạy từ xưng hô trong mối quan hệ với văn hóa giao tiếp tiếng Việt cho học sinh người H'Mông

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CHO HOC SINH NGUOI H'MONG

O NGUYEN THU PHLTONG*

1. Dqy filng Viet (TV) cho hqc sinh (HS) vdi hr HS: Bde bdo ve oi, md cua cho tdi.

cdch Id Hing me de vd dqy TV cho hqc sinh ddn Bde BV: - Chdu di choi v l mudn qud, Idn sou

tdc (HSDT) ndi chung, HS ngudi H'Mong ndi rieng v l dung gid nhe!

vdi h/ cdch Id ngdn ngu thu hai diu cdn ddt trong HS: Tdi nhd rdi.

moi quon he vdi vdn hda giao tilp. Bdi giCro vdn Trong trudng hgp ndy, HS cdn h/ xung chdu,

hda vd ngdn ngu, giua vdn hda ddn tdc vd ngdn nhung cdc em Iqi thudng xung tdi. Khdng ft hudng

ngCr ddn tdc ed mdi quon he chdt che. Ngdn ngu hgp khi ndi vdi ngudi tren, cde em cdn dung Kr h/

phdn dnh sdu sdc vd todn dien nhd't nen vdn hda xung: tao; khi nhdc din ngudi thu bo Id ngudi

cua mdi ddn tdc. Trong ngdn ngu cua mdi ddn tren, ede em dijng K> nd. Xung hd nhu vdy Id khdng

tdc, h/ xLmg hd, cdch xung hd thudng thi hien rd phCi hgp vdi thdi quen tdn trqng thu bde trong giao

net ddc dilm vdn hda giao Hip cua ddn tdc dd. Hip bdng TV Nhi/ng nguyen nhdn ndo dan din

Vdn hdo xung hd trong giao Hip TV, cdch finh trqng HS ngudi H'Mdng dung \u xung hd TV

ung xu trong xung hd, thdi quen xung hd, «quy chua phij hqp vdi vdn hda giao Hip?

tdc" xung cua ngudi Viet Id bilu hien ddc trung 2. Tim hieu ve he thd'ng tu xung hd vd vdn

euo vdn hdo giao Hep. Net dqc trung nhd't trong hda xung hd trong giao filp bdng hing me de

vdn hda xung hd TV chinh Id vlec chu y dung euo HS ngudi H'Mdng, chung tdi thd'y cd sy khdc

h> ximg hd (trdnh ndi trd'ng khdng) vd dung \u biet ddng ke. Sy khdc biet ndy chinh Id rdo edn

xung hd bleu tbj dung quan he tdn tl, thi/ bqc. ngdn ngCr vd vdn hda trong giao Hep TV cua HS

Do coi h-qng tdn fi, tht/ bde nen trong giao filp, ngudi H'Mdng. Tieng H'Mdng ed ede tu ehi quon

ngudi Viet rdt chu y xdc djnh quan he thu bde he thdn toe gdn h/ong duong vdi Kr chi quan he

(tudi tdc, dja vj,...) giCra mlnh vd ngudi dd'i thoqi thdn tdc trong TV. Nhung trong vdn had xung

de chqn h/ xtmg hd thich hgp. Ben eqnh dd, khi hd, ngudi H'Mdng Igi khdng chu y din quan

giao tiep bdng TV, ngudi ndi, ngudi vilt cung rdt he thu bgc, khdng ehu y thdi do finh cdm md

chu y dung Kr xung hd bilu thj diing finh cdm, ngudi ndi mudn bilu dqt. Ngudi H'Mdng thudng

cdch nhin nhdn, cdch ddnh gid dd'i lugng vd the dung cu (h/ong duong vdi cdc h/ xung hd ngdi

hien finh cdm thdn mdt, gdn gui. Xung hd phu hgp thu nhd't cua TV: tdi, mlnh, eon, chdu, em, anh...)

vdi vdn hda giao tilp se giup cho cudc hdi thoqi de ty xung vdi td't cd cdc dd'i hjgng giao Hep d

phdt h-ien theo chilu hudng tich eye, giup nhCrng cdc quan he vai khdc nhau, du ngudi dd'i thoqi

ngudi tham gia hdi thoqi dqt myc dfch giao filp. Id ngong bdng hoy Id ngudi tren, ngudi dudi.

cung ed' vd phdt triln quan he giCro hq. Cd the, do khdng chu y lhu bde, thdi dp trong

Quo khdo sdt trye filp vd quo cdc philu dieu xung hd nen ngudi H'Mdng Ididng chuy phdi hgp

fro, chijng tdi thdy hien nay HSDT ndi chung vd HS xung vd gpi sao cho tuong ung vdi quan he vj thi,

ngudi H'Mdng ndi rieng trong giao filp TV thudng tinh cdm giCra nhung ngirai cijng trd chuyen. Dieu

mac\o\ khdng dOng tu xung hd khi ndi vdi ngudi ndy dugc thi hien qua bdng dd'i chieu sou ddy

tren (ndi trong khdng) vd dung tu xung hd khdng (xem bdng).

dung vdi quan he ngudi dudi ndi vdi ngudi Cd thi khdng djnh: dnh hudng vdn hdo xung

tren (xung tdi, tao vol ngudi Idn tudi, ngudi tren). hd cua Heng me de (chuyin di tieu eye), thieu

Vf dy: Mdt HS ngudi H'Mdng d mdt trudng vd'n hieu bilt v l vdn hda xung hd TV Id mot h-ong

ndi tnj thudc tinh Dien Bien dd ndi vdl bde bdo

ve (BV) nhu sou: * Tnftfng Bai hpc sir pham Ha Npi

Tap ehi Giao due so 26 6 (ki 2 • 7/2011) ^^