Dạy học chính tả ở tiểu học theo quan điểm giao tiếp

DAY HOC CHtNTH TA O TIEU HOC

THEO QUAN DIEM GIAO TIEP

'iy. O TS. VO THI LAN*

Chinh td (CT) Id nhi/ng quy dinh ve cdch viet

dung cho cdc tir ngu; viet dung ten ngudi,

\en dja li, ten co quon, dodn the, td chue

trong vd ngodi nudc, h/ ngu phien dm tieng nudc

ngodi; viet dung cdc ddu cdu, ddu thanh,... Tudn

thu quy tdc CT, ngudi viet mdi the hien duqc ehinh

xde ndi dung thdng tin cdn truyin dqt vd giup

ngudi dqc ndm bdt dung ndi dung thdng tin dd.

Phdn mdn CT d trudng heu hqc ed nhiem vy rdt

quon trqng - eung cdp cho hqc sinh (HS) mdt cdng

cy de phdt trien ndng lye giao hep (GT) dudi

dqng viet. Mudn thue hien tdt nhiem vy ndy, dqy

hqc chinh td (DHCT) phdi ddm bdo nghiem ngdt

quon diem GT.

1. Quon diem GT trong dqy hqc (DH) phdn

mdn CT

1) The ndo Id DH CT theo quan diem GT?

Cd nhilu y kien eho rdng: DH tieng Viet d trudng

phd thdng hien nay Id dqy mdt hoqt ddng vd

bdng mdt hoqt ddng. Hoqt ddng dd chinh Id GT.

DH tieng me de trong GTva de GT\a xu hudng

hien dqi dong duqc nhieu nudc, nhilu khu vyc di

theo. Ndi khdc hon, DH mdn Tieng Viet d trudng

hqc phdi Idy GT Idm phuong tien, Idy phyc vy GT

Idm myc dich. DHCT khdng ndm ngodi yeu cdu

chung. DHCT theo quan diem GT cung phdi bdm

sdt myc dieh giup HS phdt trien kT ndng su dyng

heng Viet (chu yeu dudi dqng viet) vd phdi DH

thdng quo hoqt ddng GT.

Quan diem GT trong DHCT duqc the hien qua

hoi phuong dien: Ve ndi dung, thdng quo cdc

bdi tdp, phdn mdn CT tqo ro nhijng mdi trudng

GT cd chqn Iqc de HS phdt trien kT ndng viet dung

CT; Ve phuong phdp, cac kT ndng CT duqc hinh

thdnh thdng quo ede bdi tdp mong hnh hnh hudng

phu hqp vdi hnh hudng GT ty nhien cuo HS.

2) Ca sd khoa hoc cua DHCT theo quan

diem GT

a) Ngdn ngu Id phuang tien GT quan trqng

nhdt cua lodi ngudi (Lenin). Cung nhu mqi ngdn

ngij, heng Viet sinh ro nhdm thdo mdn chuc ndng

Tap chi Giao due s6 23 9 (ki i • 6/201 o)

GT vd tdn tqi sinh ddng trong hoqt ddng GT. DH

heng Viet, trong dd ed DHCT (dqy cdch viet chudn),

khdng the khdng ddt cde don vj tieng Viet, cdc

hien tuqng CT trong hoqt dqng hdnh chue. Mqi

vdn d l v l ndi dung, phuong phdp DHCT tieng

Viet di u phdi xoay quanh myc dieh phyc vy nhu

cdu GT cuo HS.

b) Nhdn thuc cua HS tieu hqc mang finh trye

gide, cdm finh. DHCT d tieu hqc cdn ddm bdo tinh

trye quon, giup HS nhdn thue kien thue, kT ndng CT

de ddng hon. Mdt hong nhung cdch hye quon

hdo Id cho HS quon sdt hye tiep nhdng hnh hudng,

nhCrng sdn phdm GT cdc em thudng gap hong

cudc sdng sinh hoqt, hqc tqp hdng ngdy.

c) DHCTd fieu hqc hien nayed myc fieu: Giup

HS hinh thdnh ndng lye vd thdi quen viet dung

CT, quo dd trong bj cho HS cdng cy de hqc tdp

vd GT xd hdi. Dilu dd cung ddng nghTa vdi viec

DHCT phdi dqy GT.

2. Phuong hudng thuc hien quan diem GT

trong DHCT

1) Chu trqng dqy kT ndng, kTxdo viet dung

CT. Dqy CT theo quan diem GT, gido vien phdi

chuyen tu cdch dqy li thuyet nhdm nhdn dien, md

td, phdn loqi cdc don vj tieng Viet song dqy kT

ndng su dyng ehung dudi dqng thue viet. Nhu

vdy, bdi tdp yeu cdu HS ehi ro cde hien tuqng CT

(tu mdt doqn vdn, doqn tho ndo dd), khdng phdi

Id dqng bdi co bdn trong DHCT theo quon diem

mdi. DHCT edn ren eho HS nhieu kT ndng khde

nhou: viet dung quy tdc CT, viet dung vdi dm dqc,

viet dung vdi nghTa cuo tu, viet dung ngu cdnh,

phdng ngua Idi CT phd bien,...

2) Tdng eudng hoqt ddng thyc hdnh trong

gid hqc. Nhu ehung ta dd biet, kT ndng duqc

hinh thdnh trong mdt qud trinh luyen tdp Idu ddi,

theo cdch thue tqp di lap Iqi nhilu Idn, tu luc edn

bd ngd, vung vl , den lue thdnh thqo, rdi thdnh ty

ddng hdo. KT ndng CT ehi trd thdnh ty ddng hda

' Tnrcing Cao dang sit pham Thai Binh

< #