Có thể phát hiện sớm những dấu hiệu của bệnh tự kỉ ở trẻ em

TAM LI HOC - SINH Li HOC LUA TUOI

C O TH E PHA T HIE N SO M

NHIfN G DA U HIE U CU A BEN H T U K i 0 TH E E M

Tre khoe mqnh, phat trien binh thudng ca ve

the chdt Idn tam li la mong mudn cua cha

me, ngudi Idn, cac nha giao dye. Sy can

bdng, hdi hda trong he thdng cdc tdc ddng qua

Iqi phuc tap giua tre vd mdi trudng ben ngodi

giup tre phdt trien binh thudng. Cd duqc sy cdn

bdng, hdi hda ndy hay khdng, ndi each khdc Id

tre cd khoe mqnh, binh thudng hay khdng, phy

thudc vdo nhieu yeu td. Nhung khi mat cdn bang

xudt hien thi quan trqng Id can phai kjp thdi nhqn

biet, phdt hien de cd hudng xu li thich hqp.

Ngdy nay sue khoe tinh than ngdy cdng duqc

danh gid cao. Anh hudng cua nd tdi chdt luqng

sdng vd hoqt ddng cua con ngudi dd duqc xdc

djnh. Mac du nhqn thuc duqc vai trd cua sy phdt

trien binh thudng ve mat tdm li d tre em, khdng it

ngudi gap khd khdn trong nhqn biet cdc rdi nhieu

tam li d tre. Mudn nhdn ra nhung bieu hien cua

rdi nhiSu tdm li, nhdt Id ve mdt chung benh cy the

ndo do, thi phai cd hieu biet ve nd.

Hqi chung tu ki, hay ty toa a tre em (autisme

infantile) duqc nhd tdm benh hoc ngudi MT

L. Kanner md td mdt each kT luang tu ndm 1943.

Den nay, hqi chung ndy dd duqc nhieu nghien

cuu Idm phong phu them nhung hieu biet ve nd.

d Viet Nam, benh ty ki hien dd duqc nhieu ngudi

biet den: khdng chi cdc nhd chuyen mdn md cd

cdc bqc cha me, ngudi Idn, nhung ngudi quan

tdm den tre em. Tuy nhien, chi den luc tre khd

Idn, cdc trieu chung dd rd rdng, Idm cho cha me,

ngudi Idn thyc sy lo Idng vd hq mdi tim den cdc

nhd chuyen mdn de xin tu vdn, chua trj.

Nhung diem ddc trung cua benh Id: - Bdt thudng

ve khd ndng giao tiep; - Bat thudng trong quan

he tuang tdc xd hdi; - Cdc hung thu, hdnh vi,

hoqt ddng lap Iqi vd djnh hinh (1).

Benh ty ki duqc bieu hien bdi nhieu trieu chung

Idm sdng dqc trung. De xac djnh tre cd thyc sy

mdc benh ty ki hay khdng phai cd y kien cua nhd

Tap chi Giao due so 235 (ki i. 4/201 o)

O TS. NGUYEN TH| NHU MAI*

chuyen mdn. Tuy vdy, theo nhung nghien cuu gdn

day, nhung ddu hieu cua chung benh ndy duqc

bqc Id tu rdt sdm. Vi vdy, cha me, ngudi Idn, nhd

chuyen mdn cd the quan sdt tre vd phdt hien nhung

ddu hieu cua benh ngay tu nhung ngdy thdng

ddu tien cua cudc ddi be neu cd hieu biet vd

quan tdm den sy phdt trien tdm li cua tre. Ld chung

benh loan tdm, ty ki dnh hudng Idn den sy phdt

trien cua tre em. Vi vdy, viec phdt hien sdm nhung

ddu hieu cua benh rdt cd y nghTa cho sy phdt

trien ndy.

Sau day Id nhirng ddu hieu thudng thdy 6

nhung tre nhd cd nguy ca mdc benh ty ki theo

nhung nghien cuu mdi day cua cdc nhd tdm benh

hoc tre em:

Giai dogn td 0 den 6 thang

Khdc vdi nhung dua tre khdc, tre rdt ngoan,

khdng khdc, khdng bao gid ddi hdi. Be dudng

nhu Idm cho mqi ngudi quen Idng.

Tre thd a khdng khdc khi me hodc ngudi thdn

di khdi, cung khdng cd phdn ung gi khi cd ngudi

khdc Iqi gdn.

Cd rdi loan truang lyc (2) dudi hinh thuc giam

truang lyc, mem nheo. Khdng cd nhung bieu hien

cua «ddi ddp truang lyc" khi 2-3 thdng, tuc Id

khdng cd sy ddp Iqi phu hqp dd'i vdi nhung tdc

ddng qua Iqi ve mat truang lyc ca khi duqc me

vd ngudi khdc dm dp. Nguqc Iqi, cung cd khi tre

cd thdi dd cdng cung, tdng truang lyc vdi nhung

dieu bq hoa chdn mua tay khdng ngung. Khdng

cd tu the thich hqp, thda ddng khi duqc ngudi

khdc dm trong vdng tay.

Hdu nhu khdng cd nhung bieu hien de ngudi

khdc cd the dy doan trudc duqc ve hdnh vi, cu

chi. Cy the nhu rdt hiem khi cd nhung hdnh ddng

Idm cho ngudi khdc nghT Id tre mudn duqc be len

khi nd ndm trong ndi.

* Truong Dai hoc sir pham Ha Noi