Chuyển đổi mô hình tăng trưởng kinh tế: Tiếp cận từ góc độ nguồn nhân lực

CHUYEN DOI MO HINH TANG TRtfCfNG KINH TE:

TIEP CAN Ttf GOC DO NGUON NHAN LtfC

BUI THANH

Trung tdm Thong tin khoa hoc

I-IQC vi$n Chinh tri - i-ldnh chinh qud'c gia i-io Chi Minh

Over past time, Vietnam economy has mostly enjoyed extensive

growth, taking advantages of abundant and cheap labour. Nevertheless,

this growth model has exposed increasing shortcomings, including: eco￾nomic growth is not associated with construction and development of

high quality human resource, with changing in labour structure towards

modernization, with improving efficiency of labour utilization; contribution

of labour force to GDP growth is still below its potentials...

In the time to come, it is advisable for Vietnam to adjust it growth

model towards turning comparative advantage of human resource into

real competitive advantage. Its labour force should gain qualitative

changes. Several recommended solutions to achieve this goal are as

follows: to establish close relations between human resource develop￾ment strategies and economic development ones; to identify overall

directions in reforming education and training system from central to

grassroots level; the Government should provide investments and appro￾priate financial assistance for training high quality human resources; to

implement policies on attracting and utilizing talented people...

H ien nay, khai thac nhan cdng gia re dugc xem la yeu to chu

lUc nham thuc day tang trUdng va thu hut diu tU nUdc ngoai

vao Viet Nam, tuy nhien, Igi the nay se din bien mat. Trong

thdi gian tdi, neu tiep tuc chien lugc phat trien dUa tren Igi the nhan

cdng gia re, Viet Nam tat yeu se "thua" trong viec canh tranh vl chi

phi lao ddng chi chiem mot phin rat nho trong chi phi san xuat, trong

khi dd nang suat lao ddng (NSLD) mdi la yeu td quyet dinh sU gia tang

Igi nhuan cua doanh nghiep va sU phat trien cua toan nen kinh te.

1. Tang trfldng kinh te dfla tren nguon nhan Iflc chat ifldng cao - mo

hinh tang trfl&ng ben vu'ng

Cha't Ifldng tang trfldng cua mpt nen kinh te co the tiep can tfl nhieu

goc dp khde nhau: theo nhan td dau vao, ket qud dau ra vd eau true

nganh kinh te... Tren goc dp nhan td dau vao, co the ddnh gid chat

Ifldng tang trfldng sfl dung ham sau:

Y = F (K, L, TFP)

Trong do: Y la thu nhap cua nen kinh te; K la vdn; L id lao dpng;

TFP la ndng sud't cdc nhan td tdng hdp '.

Tang trfldng kinh te dfldc chia

1dm 2 dang: mot la, md hinh

tang trudng theo chieu rong,

phdn dnh tang tdng sdn pha'm

qudc ndi (GDP) phu thupc vao

viee tdng quy mo nguon vd'n, so'

Ifldng lao dpng vd Ifldng tai

nguyen thien nhien khai thac

dfldc; hai la, md hinh tang

trudng kinh te theo chieu sau,

phdn dnh tang GDP dfla tren tdc

dpng cua yeu to' TFP.

Trong bdi ednh the gidi dang

chuyen sang nen kinh te tri thfle,

cdc nguon Iflc phdt trien nhfl ldi

the dja ly, nhan cdng gia re va doi

ddo, tai nguyen phong phu...

khong du de ca'u thanh nen thanh

cdng neu thieu chat xdm. Hien

nay, nguon nhdn Iflc chd't Ifldng

cao dang ngay cang trd thanh

dpng Iflc chu yeu cua sfl phdt trie'n

nhanh vd ben vflng vi nhflng ly do

sau:

Thd nhat, khde vdi ngudn

nhan Iflc, cac nguon Iflc phat

trie'n khde eo the la rat phong

phu, doi ddo nhflng neu khai thac

va sfl dung khdng hdp ly thi den

'"TFP chlphan tram tang GDP sau khi triK dl

phdn dong gop cua vi§c tdng lao dpng, von.

TFP the hi$n chdt lUdng tang trJdng, phan anh

hi$uqua ddu tUva nang sudt iao dpng.

So 57 (9.2010) THONG TIN S. DL/ BAO KINH TE - XA HQl 21