Chính sách đối ngoại của triều Nguyễn trong quan hệ với nước Anh giai đoạn 1802-1858

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Cnil^H SACH BOI IVGOAI CUA TRIEU IVGUYEIV TROIVG

QUAN HE vei l Allele AJ^m GIAI DOAIV 1802-1858

Ths. Nguyen Thj Thanh Hoa

Tneang CDSP Hdi Duang

Trong lich su Viet Nam, trieu Nguyen

tdn tai khdng dai (1802-1945) nhung cd mgt

vi tri het sue dac biet. Day la trieu dai dugc

thiet lap d giai doan cudi cua thdi trung dai

va chiem trgn thdi can dai trong lich sir dan

tgc.

Tir trudc den nay, viec nghien cuu trieu

Nguyen ludn thu hut ddng dao hgc gia trong

va ngoai nudc. Hien nay da cd hang tram

cdng trinh nghien ciru, de cap den rat nhieu

van de nhu: chinh tri, kinh te - xa hdi, tdn

giao, tin ngudng, vi tri cua trieu Nguyen

trong lich sir dan tdc, chinh sach ddi ngi, ddi

ngoai cua vuang trieu Nguyen...Mdi nha

nghien cim cd each tiep can lich sir khac

nhau, do vay cd nhii'ng quan diem lich su

khdng gidng nhau, tham chi trai ngugc nhau.

Vi du, d van de chinh sach ddi ngoai cua nha

Nguyen ddi vdi cac nudc phuang Tay, mgt

so nha sir hgc cho rang, do la chinh sach doi

ngoai mu quang, thye hien "be quan tda

cang" lam cho dat nudc ngay cang suy yeu,

vua quan nha Nguyen bac nhuge, cd tu

tudng dau hang dan tdi mat nudc. Ngugc lai

vdi quan diem tren, mgt sd y kiln cho ring,

sd dT nha Nguyen thye hien nhung chinh

sach tren la do yeu td khach quan tac dgng

rat ldn. Thdi diem the ky XIX, cd rit nhilu

qudc gia d chau A bi dd hd bdi chu nghTa

thye dan, va Viet Nam la mdt vi dy. Do vay,

thye hien chinh sach ddi ngoai tren la dieu de

hieu. Cac nha su hgc cdn cho rang, nha

Nguyen khdng phai cd tu tudng dau hang

hoan toan, cung cd nhirng dng vua quyet tam

chdng giac nhu Ham Nghi, Duy Tan...

Nhu vay, danh gia khach quan chinh

sach ddi ngoai cua nha Nguyen ddi vdi

phuang Tay ciing la mdt van de khdng don

gian. Dieu quan trgng la can cd mgt phuang

phap luan sir hgc bat ngudn tu khoa hgc lich

sir macxit, coi sy that lich sir la dieu kien dau

tien cho viec xem xet, danh gia lich sir.

Mudn vay, can nhin nhan van de theo quan

diem cua chu nghTa duy vat bien chirng, chu

nghTa duy vat lich sir va tu tudng Hd Chi

Minh ve lich su.

Khi nghien cim chinh sach ddi ngoai

cua nha Nguyen vdi the gidi phuang Tay,

cac nha su hgc thudng tap trung nghien ciru

chinh sach ddi ngoai cua nha Nguyen ddi vdi

nudc Phap, bdi vi Phap cd am muu xam luge

va thye hien cudc chien tranh xam luge ddi

vdi Viet Nam. Cac mdi quan he giira nha

Nguyen vdi cac nudc phuong Tay khac nhu:

Anh, Bd Dao Nha, Tay Ban Nha, Ha Lan...

it dugc de cap den. Bai viet nay danh gia mat

dugc va chua dugc trong quan he cua nha

Nguyen vdi thuc dan Anh. Chinh sach ddi