Chiến lược năng lượng sạch của Mỹ.

64 SO 08-2009 CHAU MY NGAY NAY

CHIEN LirOC NfiNG laONG S6CH CUfi MY

Thvfc tran g sii dun g nan g Ivftfng

sach d My

Hien nay, cac nha may dien sit dung

than, loai nhien lieu gay 6 nhiem nhat

trong so cac nguon nang lifdng hoa thach,

dang chiem 50% trong tdng so' san lUdng

dien tai My. Khi tiJ nhien chiem khoang

21%, nang lifdng hat nhan mang lai 20%.

Nang lifdng sach d My ke ca thiiy dien

chiem 10% tong cong suat lap dat va gi n

9% tdng dien nang phat ra d My nam 2007.

Toe do tang trifdng trong cac nganh nhU

dien mat trdi tap trung lam chuyen dich

manh me cd cau nguon dien. Nam 2007,

cong suat dien gio tang 45%, pin mat trdi

tang 40% so vdi nam trif6c giiip cho nang

lifdng sach d My chiem hdn 35% tdng cong

suat lap dat mdi.

Cuoi nam 2008, cong suat dien gio cua

Hoa Ky la 25170 MW, du cho khoang 7

trieu hg trung binh sd dung. Cac canh ddng

dien gio ctia My da phat khoang 48 ty kWh

vao nam 2008, chiem hdn 1% dien cung cap

cua Hoa Ky. Cac he tho'ng phat dien mat

trdi sd dung cong nghe nang lUdng mat trdi

chao parabol ket hdp vdi sd dung khi thien

nhien de phat dien co cong sua't phat dien

la 354 MW.

Vdi cong suat dien dia nhiet 2957 MW,

My dan dau the gidi v6i 30% tdng cong

suat dang hoat dong, Hien c6 khoang 103

du an m6i dang dUdc trien khai d 13 bang

cua My. Khi hoan thanh, cac du an nay co

the cap cong suat 3979 MW, dap dng nhu

ciu dien cho khoang 4 trieu ho gia dinh.

My ta p trun g pha t trien ngudn nan g

lifdng sac h

Tii thap nien 1970 den nay, ngifdi dan

My va ca the gi6i da trai qua nhieu ddt gia

dau tang vot, nhieu quoc gia phai le thuoc

vao di u nhap khI u deu cam thay bat an.

Ben canh do, tinh trang 6 nhilm va thay

ddi khi hau da len tdi mde bao dong tren

toan the gidi do'i vdi viec sii dung nhien lieu

hoa thach. Nhiing van de nay da dUdc de

cap td lau va nhieu quo'c gia da co nhiJng

chifdng trinh nghien ciiu de tim kiem va ap

dung cac loai nang lifdng thay the cho

nhien lieu hda thach.

Viec chuyen ddi nang lUdng sach con

phai vUdt qua ra t nhieu trcf ngai. TrUdc he't

la cd sd ha ting . Mang ludi cung cap dien

Itic cii ky td 50, 80, cd ndi ttf 100 nam nay

se ci n phai thay ddi de cd the sii dung ca

nhiing loai nhien lieu thay the. Xe hdi phai

dUdc thiet ke lai, nha ciia phai gi n them

nhieu trang thie't bi de cd the sii dung loai

nang lUdng mdi.

Cac chuyen gia du bao cong nghe da md

ra trien vong sd dung thuy trieu va sdng

bien de san xuat dien. Viec lap dat cac thie't

bi phat dien tren quy mo ldn ngoai khdi va

cac ciia song cd thiiy trieu cd the dap dng

10% nhu ci u dien nang cua My. Tuy nhien,

he tho'ng san xuat dien nay gap phai khd

khan ldn ve ky thuat. Nam 2007, may phat

dien bang sdng bi chim ngoai bien Oregon.

Canh cua cac turbine thuy trieu thiic

nghiem tren song East d New York bi gay.

Tif lau, dieu nay da lam nan long cac nha

dau tu phat trien nang lUdng tii dai dUdng.

G i n day, gia dien tang cao va chi phi ldn

vao sd dimg than da va cac nhien lieu hda

thach de san xuat dien tao dong lilc mdi de

loai nang lUdng tai tao tif dai dUdng nay

vUdt qua dUdc cac rao can phat trien.

Cong ty nang lUdng sdng Pelamis

(Scotland), da lap ke hoach san xuat dien tif

sdng bing mot may phat dien nho. Day la

may dien di u tien tren the gidi dUdc dat

ngoai bien Bo Dao Nha vao cudi nam 2008

sau khi da khi c phuc cac neo gay. Cdng ty

nang lUdng tai tao cua Canada Finavera mdi

day da vdt chiec may phat dien tii sdng tri gia

2,5 trieu USD bi chim d Oregon va ky thda

thuan vdi cong ty dien khi Thai Binh Dudng

ve san xua't dien d bien California vao nam

2010. Tren song East ngoai dao Manhattan