Chân lạp thời kỳ đầu (550-790)

CHAN LAP TH6| KY OAU (550 - 790)

NGO VAN DOANH*

L DIA BAN KHOl THUY CUA CHAN LAP

Theo cac nha nghien cflu, cai ten Chela

ldn dau tien xiua't hien trong lich sif khi

ma bd sach Tuy thU thdi nha Tfly (589-

618) cua Trung Qudc cho biet rdng, vao

nam 616 hoac 617, nu'dc: nay cd gfli sfl bg

den trieu dinh Trung Qudc. Khi dd, nUdc

Chan Lap do vua Isanavarman (I Xa Na

Tien) cai tri. Cung chinh bg Tfly thfl cua

Trung Qudc da cd nhflng ghi chep kha ky

ve dat nflde Chan Laj). Tfly thit (Quyen

82. Liet truyen 47) viet: "Nudc Chdn Lgp

dphia tdy nam Ldm Ap. Vdn Id mdt thudc

qudc cua Phii Nam. Cdch qudn Nhdt Nam

60 ngdy di thuy in. Phia nam gidp nUdc

Xa Cd, phia tdy gidp nUdc Chdu Giang.

Vua nUdc dd hgc Id Sdt Ldi (Kshatrya￾ddng ca'ii chieii bmh), ten Id Chdt Da Tii

A''a(Sitrasena)"*". Cho den nay, cac nha

khoa hgc vdn chua tim ra nghia cua cai

ten Chan Lap (ca trong tieng Phan va

tieng Chan Lap, khdng cd mdt thua t ngfl

nao tfldng flng) ma ngifdi Trung Qud'c

dflng de ggi mdt diit nu'dc ma theo nha

nghien cflu ndi tieng Pelliot, Chan Lap

(Chenla) ma Tfly thfl ndi tdi chfnh la

Cambodia sau nay; cdn Cha't Da Tu Na,

ngfldi tan cong va kiem tfnh Phfl Nam

chinh la Sitrasena''-'. Khi sfl bd cua Chan

Lap dUdc nhae tdi vao nam 616 hoac 617,

thi nUdc Chan Lap da tdn tai dUdc gan hai

the ky.

Qua nhflng ghi chep cua sfl lieu cflng

nhfl qua nhflng da'u tfch khao cd hgc, cac

nha khoa hgc cho rang, dia ban gdc ban

dau cua nude Chan Lap la vflng Basak

(nay la Champasak d Hii Lao), ben bd

sdng Me Cdng. Trong nhflng tha]i nien

cudi the ky XX, cac nha khoa hgc da phat

hicn nhieu da'u tich kien trflc va hien vat

cua mdt khu vfle cfl trfl ldn gan Vat Phu.

Rat cd the, day la da'u tfch cdn lai cua dd

thanh Sreshthapura, thu phu dau tien

cua nflde Chan Lap ma cac tai heu cd

thfldng nhae tdi. Roi thi, cung tai khu vfle

Vat Phu, cd mgt khoi da tren dinh nui

(nfli Phu Kau - nfli Bui Tdc) cd ten tieng

Trung Qud'c (nfli Ling-kia-po-po) va tieng

chau Au (de chi cac ngdi chfla) la Ling

(Lanh), ma cac nha nghien cflu cho la ten

ggi cua Lingaparvata (Linga vT dai). Cdn

vi than ma sif sach Trung Qud'c ghi la Po￾to-li thi cac nha nghien cflu cho la

Bhadresvara (tflc Siva), vi than dflde thd d

Vat Phu.

P u a cac ghi chep ciia sif lieu Trung

Qudc va cac da'u tfch vat chat, cac nha

khoa hgc cho rang, cai ndi cua nha nflde

* PGS.TS Ngo Van Doanh, Vien Nghien cflu Dong Nam A