Các dạng cấu trúc ngữ pháp tiếng anh potx

1. The singer/the dancer/(the + career) + Proper name ⇒ The singer My Tam or My Tam singer

2. S + not only + V +.......+ but also + V + .......

S + either + V +...... or + .......

S + V + .... +whether + S + V + ....+ or........

3. Generally/Individually/Particularly/Basically, S + V + O

4. Passive sentences: S (⇒ in living things ) + be + V3/Ed .......+ by ......( S as a person can be used in

passive voice. But when looking at the S as things, please use V in passive )

5. S + V + ......+ Without + Noun / Ving

6. (A/An) + Adv + Adj + Noun (Adverb of degree or Adv-ly)

Adverbs of degree : extremely, very, rather, quite, fairly, pretty.

Adj ⇒ Verb + ing or Verb + ed

Action Verbs + Adv-ly : Speaker fluently, dance beatyfully,...

7. Exactly +Wh/H – words + S + .....+ is/was not known (unknown).

Wh/H – words: When, what,.../How....

8. One of the + Singular Verb (V-S/es) + ........

S + is/was + One of the

Short Adj. – est

Most + long Adj. + N (s/es)

First, second...+ Adj

Short Adj. – est

Most + long Adj. + N (s/es)

First, second...+ Adj

9. FULL ADVERB CLAUSES : Adv. Clause, Main clause

Cause: Because/Since + S + V + O, S + V + O.

Opposition (Contradary cause): Although/Though/Even though + S + V + O, S + V + O.

Contrast While + S + V + O, S + V + O.

Condition if + S + V + O, S + V + O.

Unless + S + V + O, S + V + O.

Time: When/while/As/Since/Untill/Once/Before/After + S + V + O, S + V + O.

Adverb Clause Marker with ever: Whenever/wherever/However/ + S + V + O, S + V + O.

Compared: S + V + O. S + V + O or + S + V + O, but + S + V + O (without “but”: wrong)

10.REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSES

V_ING

When/Although/....+ V3/ED + S + V + O..........( Reduced Adv. Clause)

ADJ

EX: When astronauts are orbiting the earth, they do not feel the force of gravity.

ÆWhen orbiting the earth, astronauts do not feel the force of gravity.

Although it had been damaged, the machine was still operartional.

Æ Although damaged, the machine was still operartional.

Although he was nervous, he gave a wonderfull speech.

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Æ Although nervous, he gave a wonderfull speech.

11. Two/ three/ .....+ plural N ⇒ One + V + O, the other / the others + V + O

(≠ from one to another / from one another)

12. Quantity words + of + relative clause (both of, most of, many of, much of, some of....)

EX : I read a number of articles. Most of them were very useful.

I read a number of articles, most of which were very useful.

13.

un phrase that explains or rephrases aother noun phrase.

APPOSITIVES

An appositive is a no

S, Noun phrase, + V + O +......

EX : Na al Road, The tion one of the first highways in North America, conected the East Coast to

the Ohio Valley. (appositive following a nown – The National Road)

EX : A famous frontiersman, Buffalo Bill operated his own Wild West Show. (appositive before

+ be + no longer + ...../S, Noun phrase, + V + no longer

the subject - Buffalo Bill).

S, Noun phrase,

Noun phrase=A/An/The.....+ Adv + Adj. + Noun

airly, pretty.

14.

nger/ Not untill/ Not once/ At no time/ By no means/ Nowhere/ Never/

Note: Adv of degree: extremely, very, rather, quite, f

Adv of manner Adj. + ly Æ Adv-ly: beautifully......

INVERSIONS

14.1. Not only/ No lo

Seldom= Rarely/Scarcely/ No sooner/Hardly + auxiliary verb + S + main Verb......

EX: Not once was he on time.

14.2.Only in (on, at, by,..) + noun phrase/Only once/Only recently + auxiliary verb + S + main V...

EX: Only in an emergency should you use this exit.

14.3.Only if/Only because/Only untill/Only when/Only after/ + S+V+O + aux.V+ S +main V...

EX: Only when she is satisfied is the sale considered final

14.4. So + Adj. or Participle(VING/ VED) + auxiliary verb + S + V......

EX: So rare is this coin that it belong in a museum.

So confusing was the map that we had to ask the police officer for dicrections.

14.5. Preposition + noun phrase + main verb + S

EX: Off the coast of Califonia lies the Channel Islands. (The channel Islands lies off the coast....)

• Hardly had + S + V3/ed + O when S + V2/ed + O........

• No sooner had + S + V3/ed + O + than S + V2/ed + O........

15.CLAUSES/ SENTENSES = S + V + O

I. A simple sentence consist of one clause

EX: People need vitamins

II. nsist of two independent clause joined by a conjunction such as

E

A compound sentence co

(and, but, or,....)

X: The man took a vitamin pill, and he drank a glass of orange juice.

III. clause) and a

subordinate (dependent) clause. Subordinate clause may be adverb clauses, noun clauses, or

adjective clauses.

A complex sentence consist of an independent clause (called the main

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