Các cấu trúc bị động cơ bản pot

PASSIVE VOICE

I. Các cấu trúc bị động cơ bản.

1. Simple present. am/ is/ are + PII.

Mary helps John->John is helped by Mary / They deliver letters twice a day-> Letters are delivered twice

a day

2. Simple past. were/ was + PII

People first saw the Loch Ness Monster in 1556 ->The Loch Ness Monster was first seen in 1556

3. Present continuous. is/am/are + being + PII

The police is watching Rodney -> Rodney is being watched by the police

4. Past continuous. were/was + being +PII

When we came, they were cleaning our room -> When we came, our room was being cleaned

5. Present perfect. have/has + been + PII

Someone has stolen my bicycle -> My bicycle has been stolen

6. Past perfect. had + been + PII

When they came home, someone had stolen their fur coat -> When they came home, their fur coat had been

stolen

7. Future simple and Modal Verbs Will .+ be +PII

can/ might, may/ must/ should/ have to / ought to/ be going to/ likely to/ used to, had better.+ be

+PII

House work is likely to be taken over by robots.

8. Future perfect will + have been + done

By 2010, they will have finished this bridge -> By 2010, this bridge will have been finished

II. Tân ngữ trực tiếp và tân ngữ gián tiếp.

Một số động từ luôn có hai tân ngữ, thì tân ngữ trực tiếp chỉ người thường hay được được đưa làm chủ ngữ

chính trong câu bị động

He gave me 2 tickets. -> I was given 2 tickets ( more common than : 2 tickets were given to me )

S V O1 O

Trong trường hợp tân ngữ chỉ vật được thay làm chủ ngữ ở câu bị động, câu nhất thiết phải đi kèm giới từ

Bob’s parents gave him a new bike for his birthday -> Bob was given a new bike for his birthday

 A new bike was given to Bob for his birthday

 Những động từ có hai tân ngữ thường gặp là :

 Award / Bring / Give / Lend / Hand / Owe ? Present / Pass / Pay / Repay / Promise / Sell / Ssend / Show / Tell

/ Teach

She had better be told the truth The truth had better be told to her.

III. Cấu trúc bị động với dạng nguyên mẫu hoàn toàn.

Thường xảy ra ỡ nhóm các động từ khuyết thiếu khi diễn đạt hành động đã xảy ra

Can, Could, May, Might, Should, Must / Ought to + Have been done

- They should have sent the letter -> The letter should have been sent.

- They must have built that house long time ago -> That house must have been built long time ago

- They ought to have invited Jack to the party -> Jack ought to have been invited to that party

IV. Tác nhân và công cụ

Người gây ra hành động trong câu bị động được gọi là tác nhân. Tác nhân thường được theo sau bởi

giớ từ “by” .Còn công cụ là vật giúp cho hành động được thực hiện, thường theo sau bởi gt “ with”.

She was killed by her neighbour . She was killed with a hammer.

Đôi lúc , khi hành động là vô tình thì lại phải sử dụng giới từ “ BY”

He was hit on the head by a branch of tree ( accident )

He was hit on the head with a branch of tree ( a person hit him, not accidentally)

V. Các cấu trúc đặc biệt của câu bị động

1. Nếu ở câu chủ động chủ ngữ là nobody, no one, nothing thì câu bị động sẽ để ở thể phủ định.

ex: Nobody can repair this machine.->This machine can’t be repaired

2. Đối với những động từ: like, love, want, wish + sb + to do st --> chuyển thành like, love ... + to be PII.

ex: - I want her to give me a present -> I want to be given a present.

- I would love someone to take me out tonight -> I would love to be taken out tonight.

- I want you to type all the letters -> I want all the letters to be typed by you or I want to have all the

letter typed.

-- They want him to feed the liow -> They want the lion to be feed by him or They want to have the lion feed.

3. Đối với những động từ: advise, beg, order, urge/ sb to do st khi chuyển sang bị động: advise, beg, order

+ that + st + should be done.

ex: - He advised us to change the time ->He advised that the time should be changed.

- They order him to fasten the seat belt -> The order that the seat belt should be fastened.