"Bảy nguyên tắc dạy tốt ở bậc đại học" của Hoa Kì

GIAO DUC NUOC NGOAI

"BAVHGUVEH TAC BAV TOT0BAG BAI HOC "CM HO A K I

O TS. LE VAN HAO"

' dy nguyen tac dgy tdt a bgc dgi hgd'

(Seven Principles for Good Practice in

Undergraduate Education) do Arthur W.

Chickering (George Mason University) va Zelda

F. Gamson (University of Massachusetts at Boston)

xay dyng vd dugc phd* bien lan dau bai Hiep

hdi cdc trudng dgi hgc Hoa Ki vdo ndm 1987.

Sau dd, Quy Johnson dd in khoang 200.000 tdi

lieu ndy de phdn phdt den cdc truang dgi hgc 6

Hoa Ki, Canada vd Anh. Trong nhung nam gdn

day, nhieu trudng dgi hgc vd td chuc nghien cuu

gido dye tiep tyc bd sung nhung kinh nghiem trien

khai ddi vdi bay nguyen tdc ndy nhdm Idm cho

chung cy the vd phu hgp han nua vdi cdc dieu kien

vd hinh thuc gido dye hien nay, vi dy nhu hudng

ddn cua University of Tennessee at Chattanooga

(1), tdng hgp cua Teaching, Learrning, and

Technology Group (2). Sd dt bay nguyen tdc ndy

dugc thua nhdn rdng rdi d cdc trudng dgi hgc

Hoa Ki Id do chung dd dugc due ket tu rdt nhieu

nghien cuu dugc tien hdnh tren cdc ddi tugng ngudi

hgc vd ngdnh hgc khdc nhau md ddi tugng chinh

Id gidng vien (GV) cua cdc trudng dgi hgc. Tuy

nhien, sinh vien (SV) vd can bg qudn li nhd trudng

cung can biet de hgc tap cung nhu hogch djnh,

hd trg cdng tdc ddo tgo tdt han.

Sau day Id ndi dung cy the cua tung nguyen tdc:

1. Tang cudng sy tiep xuc gida GV va SV

Id yeu td quan trgng nhdt khuyen khich SV hgc

tap, giup SV vugt qua nhung luc khd khdn, thu

thach de theo dudi, gdn bd vdi hpc tap vd djnh

hudng tuang lai tdt han.

a) Ddi vdi cdc Idp hgc truyen thdng, GV nen:

dn djnh thdi gian tiep xuc SV tqi nai Idm viec; td

chuc gap gd SV ngodi gid len Idp hodc tham dy

cdc hoqt ddng cua hg; cd gang nhd ten cdng

nhieu SV cdng tdt; giup SV gidi quyet cdc thdc

mdc nam trong Idn ngodi chuang trinh dqy; tu

vdn cho SV ve chuang trinh hpc vd nghe nghiep,

quan tdm giup dd nhung SV cd biet; khuyen khich

SV trinh bay quan diem rieng vd tham gia vdo

cdc budi thao ludn; trao ddi vdi SV de tim hieu

myc tieu hpc tap cua hp vd chia se kinh nghiem

bdn thdn.

b) Ddi vdi cdc Idp hgc tu xa, GV nen: khuyen

khich SV trao ddi qua he thdng thu dien tu; djnh

ki td chuc thao ludn true tuyen cung SV; td chuc

cdc nhdm Idm viec theo dja phuang; den tham

cdc diem Idm viec nhdm khi cd dieu kien; mdi

ddng nghiep cung tham gia hudng ddn mdn hpc.

2. Khuyen khich cac hogt dgng hgp tac

giua SV. Chdt lugng hgc tap trong mdi trudng

Idm viec nhdm phdt trien tdt han so vdi Idm viec

cd nhdn. Ldm viec nhdm giup phdt trien tinh tich

cue hpc tap, chia se vd trao ddi y kien giup phdt

trien tri tue vd Idm sdu sdc them sy hieu biet cua

mdi cd nhdn.

a) Ddi vdi cdc Idp hgc truyen thdng, GV nen:

khuyen khich mpi SV cung tham gia trao ddi tgi

lap, tham gia cdc hogt ddng tap the trong trudng;

td chuc cdc nhdm hpc tap vd giao de tdi de SV

Idm viec nhdm; td chuc de SV ty giup do nhau

trong hpc tap; can tinh den yeu td chdt lugng

hogt ddng nhdm khi danh gid mdi SV.

b) Dd'i vdi cdc Idp hgc tu xa, GV nen: xdy

dyng de tdi de SV Idm viec nhdm; td chuc cdc

dja diem trao ddi giua SV trong cung dja

phuang; td chuc trao ddi giua SV trong cdc nhdm

qua thu dien tu hodc dien thoai; lap diln ddn

tren mang de chia se thdng tin giua cdc SV; djnh

ki td chuc thao ludn true tuyen.

3. Khuyen khich cdc phuong phap hgc tap

tich eye. SV khdng hpc dugc gi nhieu neu chi

den Idp de nghe gidng, ghi nhd cdc dgng bdi

tap de Idm cdc bdi kiem tra. SV can dugc trao

ddi ve nhung dieu dugc hgc, viet ve chung, lien

he chung vdi nhung dieu dd biet vd dp dyng chung

vdo cupc song hdng ngdy; dugc «sd huu" that sy

nhung dieu hg dugc dgy.

a) Dd'i vdi cdc Idp hgc truyen thdng, GV nen:

giup SV lien he nhung dieu dugc hgc vdi thyc te;

cung cap nhung tinh hudng thyc de SV phdn rich;

* Truong Bai hpc Nha Trang

Tap chi Giao due so 24 8 gg a . io/aoio)