Bàn về dạy - học ngoại ngữ qua đề án dưới góc độ của giáo học pháp

Le H6ng Thang Tgp chf KHOA HQC & CONG NGHg 174(14): 3-6

B A N vl : D^Y-HQC NGOAI NG C QUA DE AN

DlTOd GOC DO CUA GIAO HQC PHAP

TS. U Hdng Thfing'

Trudng Khoa Ngoai nga • DN Thdi Nguyen

Day-hpc ngo^i ngif c6 the dugrc th\ic hl^n bling nhiiu con dudng, nhiiu each thirc va phirong

phap khac nhau. Nhimg dii bing each nao di chang nua, thi muc dich cuoi cung van la de nguai

hpc CO thi sit dyng du(?c ngo^i ngu d6 nhu m^t phuong ti$n giao tiip. Vit, dgiy-hgc ngo^i ngiJ qua

de an la m^t trong so cac each thiic do nhSm dgt du(jrc myc dich ke tren. Trong khuon kho bki bao

nay chung t6i xin b&n t6i mpt so net ve phuang phap dg-y-hpc nay duoi g6o dp ciia gido hpc phdp

ngo^i ngtt.

Trong giao hpc phap ngo^ ngii, nhu chung ta da biit, co nhiing thdi diim ngucri ta rat chu trpng

toi vi§c d?iy-hpc cac cau tnic ngir phap, hay n6i rgng hon, la day-hpc cac kien thiic ng6n ngiJ (\f

thuyet va quy tac vi ngii am, tii v\mg, ngii phdp,...)- Nguai ta cho rdng, ndm viing cdc kien thiic

ngdn ngii, ngudi hpc se sii dyng dupe ngon ngii do trong giao tiep. Day Id each tiep cdn theo

quan diem ngdn ngii. Theo cdch tiep c|n ndy, thi dan vj ngon ngfl, cy the la cdc eau tnic ngii

phdp, duac l4y Idm dan vi di dgy-hpe. Vd, gid hpc dupe bdt d4u bdng vi^c gidi thieu cac cau tnic

ngii phdp, phdn tich d|c diem cau tnic, cung nhu cac quy tdc lien quan, vd cu6i ciing la thuc hanh

v^n dyng ch6ng vdo giao tiip.

Nh&ng thdp nifin gdn day, each tiep can doi vai qua trinh dg-y-hpc ngoai ngii dd eo nhiing thay doi

ddng ke. Ngudi ta cho ring, dg.y-hpe ngogi ngii la day-hpc hoat dpng, cy thi la ho?it dpng giao

tiip. Do vdy, ckn phdi l4y dan vj cila hogt d^ng giao tiip 1dm don vi di dgy-hpc. Theo d6, hdnh

dpng ldi noi, don vj giao tiip nhd nhat, duoc coi Id dan vj khdi diem di dgy-hpc ngogi ngii. M6i

hdnh dpng Idi noi bao gom y djnh giao tiip, boi cdnh giao tiep vd phuang ti?n ngon ngfi biiu dat.

N6i mOt cdch cy thi han, de thyc hi?n mpt hanh dpng giao tiip trudc hit ciln phdi c6 y djnh hay

nhu eau giao tiip, ki tiip Id can xdc djnh boi canh se dien ra hdnh dpng giao tiep (thdi gian,

khdng gian, doi tdc,...), tren ca sd do lya chpn ede phuang ti$n ngdn ngii phii hpp di thyc hi^n

hdnh dOng giao tiip dd. Ciing mOt ^ djnh giao tiep, nhimg trong cdc b6i cdnh giao tiep khac nhau,

ngudi ta sS sii cac phuang ti?n ngon ngii khde nhau. Day chinh la each tiip cdn dgy-hpe theo

quan diem giao tiip. Theo cdch tiip cdn nay, thi gid hpc dupe bdt diiu bdng vipc gidi thi?u hanh

dOng ldi ndi, mi^u ta boi canh, tinh hu6ng dien ra hdnh dOng ldi ndi dd, ke tiip la gidi thi§u ede

phuang tien ngdn ngii (ngii dm, tii vyng, ngii phap) can thiet phii hpp vdi boi cdnh giao tiep, va

di trln ca sd dd tien hdnh cdc bdi t|p thyc hanh giao tiip. Din mdt giai dogn nhdt djnh, khi ngudi

hpc dd ndm bdt dugc mpt so lupng du cdc hanh dpng ldi ndi dan 16, thi chuong trinh hanh dpng

ldi ndi, hay cdc chu de, chu diim giao tiep, trong do bao gom nhieu hdnh dpng ldi ndi theo mpt

ehii de, chu diim nhat djnh, sS trd thanh dan vj dgy-hpc.

CCmg vdi mye dich Id de ngudi hpc cd thi sii dyng dupe ngoai ngii vao hogt ddng giao tiip,

nhung ro rdng vdi cac cdch tiip cgn khde nhau thi each thirc to chiic dgy-hpc ciing sg khac nhau.

Neu cdch tiip cgn thir nhit di tii hinh thiic bieu dgt den ndi dung biiu dgt, tiic Id tir phuang ti^n

ngdn ngii den ldi ndi, thi each tiep can thir hai, ngupfc Igi, di tir npi dung biiu dgt din hinh thiic

biiu dgt, tiic Id tii Idi ndi din phuang ti?n ngdn ngii. Vd, thay vi d$t van de theo cdch tiip cgn thii

nhat "Hdm nay chiing ta hpc thi hi^n tgi tiip diln", thi cdch tiip e^n thii hai dgt van de "Hdm nay

chiing ta hpc cdch dien dgt hdnh dpng dang diin ra",...

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