Bài toán xác định chi phí vòng đời của các thiết bị vận tải trên mỏ lộ thiên

^ ^ _ KHOA HOC VA CON G HGHE MO

\j m TORN XnC DJNH CHI PHI VONG Ddi

CUA CAC THIET Bl VAN TAI TREN MO LO THIEN

ThS. NGUYEN HOANG, PGS.TS. BUI XUAN NAM

Tru'dng Dai hgc Md-Dja chat

^ • k ren mo lp thien, ddy chuyin cdng nghe khai

I- thdc bao gom cac khdu cong nghO chinh la:

" chuin bj ddt dd vd khoang san co ich

(KSCI), xiSc bic dit dd vd KSCI, vdn tai va thai

dd. Trong do van tai Id mOt trong cac khdu cong

nghO quan trpng.

Dac dilm cua cdng tdc vdn tai tren cac mo lp

thiSn la khoi lu-p'ng hang hoa van tai Idn, mdt dp

van tai cao, kich thudc cd hat vdt li?u v$n tai

khong dong diu, cdc dilm nhan tai vd dd tai

thu-dng xuyen thay dli tCiy thupc vao phu-ang phdp

vd cOng nghp khai thdc. Do vdy, chi phi vdn tai tren

cac mo 10 thidn thu-dng rat Idn, thu-dng chiem tren

40%, ca biOt co nhu-ng mo chi phi van tai chilm ti>

65-^70% ting chi phi khai thac.

Thyc tiln phdt triln cua hdu hit cdc nu-dc G7

da chf ra rang, chi phf sd hu-u thilt bj (bao gOm chi

phi mua slm thilt bj, chi phi vgn hdnh, bao tri, thay

thl, sua chua thilt bj) thu-dng Idn han rat nhllu

ldn so vdi chi phi mua sdm thilt bj ban dau [1], X2].

Do vdy, vipc lya chpn cdc phu-ang dn su- dgng thilt

bj, cac nhd cung cdp, cac thong s6 kJ thudt phai

dup-c tinh todn va lya chpn dya tren chi phi vong

ddi cua cdc thilt bi khi dwa vdo su- dgng.

Trong pham vi bdi bdo nay, cdc tdc gia di sdu

nghien cu-u bai toan xdc djnh chi phi vong ddi va

chl phi sd hu-u thilt bj van tai trong suot thdi gian

tin tgl cua no. Day se la mOt trong nhiJng ca sd d l

xdc djnh, lya chpn phuang dn thilt bj vdn tai, qua

dd lya chpn chi phi ddu tu- cho md lp thien, ddc biet

Id trong tu-ang lai khi cdc mo lo thidn phai khai thdc

xuong sdu.

1. Xac dinh chi phi vdng ddi cua cac thilt bi

van tai tren mo lo thien (Cyatb)

1.1. Chi phi vdng ddi cua Uiiet bj van tai tren

md Id thien (Cvob)

Chi phi vong ddi cua cdc thilt bj vgn tai tren cdc

mo lp thidn du-gc xdc djnh dya tren cdc chi phi:

mua sam thilt bj ban diu, vgn hdnh, bao tri, thay

CONGNGHliPMd,S(^4-2015

thl vd su-a chu-a thilt bj. Chinh vi vdy, vide xac

djnh cdc phu-ang an van tai tren cdc mo Id thl§n

ddu phai tinh din cac ylu t l tren.

a cdc nu-dc phdt triln (M?, Gc, Nhgt, Hdn Quic.)

vipc xdc (Tinh chi phi vdng ddi cua thidt bj mang

tinh chdt bit buOc trong cac thu tgc mua sdm tiiilt

bj bang ngdn sdch nhd nu-dc.

Xdc dinh chl phi vong ddi cua thilt bj vdn ta!

tren cac mo lp thien la ca sd dd toi au hoa hieu

qua su- dgng vd chi phi dau tu- vdi cdc thilt bi van

tai khi lya chpn cac phuang an vgn tai vd kilu loaj

thilt bj van tai tren cac mo lp thien.

DOI vdl cdc thilt bj vdn tai trdn cdc mo 10 thien,

dgj lu-p'ng di xdc djnh tuoi thp cua cdc thilt bj c6

thl dya vdo s l km hanh trinh van tai (bao gdm ca

c6 tai vd khdng tai) vd s6 gid Idm viec cua thilt bj

van tai. Gid trj sii- dgng thilt bi van tai tgi thdi didm

xem xet phai du-p'c tinh den tac dOng cua ylu to

thdi gian tdi gia trj kinh te tgl thdi dilm d6.

1.2. Chi phi mua sim thiet bj van tai ban dau

tren cac mo lg thien (Cg)

Chi phi mua sim thiet bj ban dau Id mOt trong

nhu-ng chi trdu cau thanh chi phi vong ddi cua thiet

bj theo sa do hinh H.1.

Ddi vdi khdu vgn tai trdn cdc mo 10 thien, viec

lya chpn kilu loai vd so lu-p-ng thilt bj vgn tai trong

moi quan hd ding bo thilt bj phai dya tren cdc ylu

t l nhu- tinh chit ca ly cua ddt dd, mil quan he gl&a

thidt bj xiic bic vd van tai, cung dO vdn tai cQng

nhu- khoi lu-p'ng hang hda can vgn tai cua md.

Trdn ca sd xac djnh du-p'c phu-ang dn van tai

(oto, dudng slt, bdng tai...), kidu logi thilt bi vSn

tai (theo cac thdng so lam vipc cua thilt bj) va s6

lup'ng thilt bj vdn tai (tiJy thupc vdo khii lup'ng

hdng hda cin van tai), tiln hdnh khao sdt tt^

trudng va dua ra cac phuang an lya chpn thilt 1^

vgn tai cua tCi-ng hang, cdc thdng s l ky thudt cCa

thilt bj vd xdc djnh chi phi mua slm thilt b\ d l lam

ca sd kit hp-p vdi cdc chi phi khdc (chi phi v§n

hdnh, chi phf bao tri, sua chi>a, thay thl...) xSc