Bài học kinh nghiệm trong đánh giá chất lượng giáo dục đại học của Hoa Kì

GIAO DUC Ntfdc NGOAI

BAI HOC KIIUH lUGHIEM

TRONG DANH GIA CHAl IIIIING GIAO DUC DAI HOC CDA HDA K

O TS. PHAN THANH LONG*

Ngoy tir nhtrng ndm eudi thdp k? tdm muoi

the k? XX, nhieu hqc gid Hoo Ki dd

cho rdng: chdt luqng gido dye dqi hqc

(GDDH) phdi duqc xem xet bdng kiem tra ddnh

gid (KTDG). Nhi/ng phuong phdp truyin thd'ng

d l DG kit qud hqc tdp cuo SV thdng qua diem

ede mdn hqc, khda hqc, ti le len Idp, tdt nghiep...

khdng thdo mdn duqc ki vqng cuo xd hqi vi thie'u

do tin cdy vd thilu tinh ddng bd gitro ede chuong

trinh hqc hodc ede trudng khdc nhou... Vi vdy,

Hdi ddng Thdng ddc cuo bdn muoi bang yeu

cdu viec KTDG cdc trudng DH phdi duqc quy djnh

trong ludt phdp hodc chinh sdeh eua qud'c gia.

Kinh nghiem ve KTDG chdt luqng (CL) GDDH

Hoa Ki ed th i duqc rut ra tir viec phdn tich 9 cdu

hdi (vdn de) sou ddy:

1) Bdn chat eua KTDGCL? Thyc te, d Hoa Ki

van chuo ed mdt sy nhd't tri, thd'ng nhd't ve bdn

chdt cuo KTDG. Dd cd rdt nhieu djnh nghTa v l

KTDG chdt luqng duqc dua ro vd su dyng. Vi dy:

EX5CL Id qud trinh quyet djnh mue do dqt duqc

nhi/ng myc heu gido dye; hodc, DGCL Id qud

trinh cung cdp thdng hn eho nhi/ng ngudi ro quylt

djnh... Gdn ddy, nhi/ng nhd DGCL Hoo Ki su

dyng mdt djnh nghTo vdi ndi hdm rdng hon: DGCL

Id qud trinh quyet dinh gid tri cua mdt hoqt dqng,

mat chuong trlnh, mdt ngudi hay mdt sdn phdm.

Hoi thudt ngir «KTDG' (assessment) vd «DGCL"

(evaluation) hoy duqc diing Idn ldn nhou, mdc

dil ehiing hodn todn khdng tuong ddng vdi nhou.

Hien noy tdn tqi 3 quon diem: 1) DGCL Id mqf bd

phdn eua KTDG (quon niem ndy soi, vi DGCL

boo hdm nhilu ndi dung, khdng eh? cd chuong

trinh hqc tdp vd gidng dqy); 2) KTDG Id mdt bd

phdn cua DGCL: (quon niem ndy dyo tren mdt

djnh nghTo hep v l KTDG, ch? chu trqng den ket

qud hqc tdp vd sy tien bd cuo SV. Tren thyc tl ,

DG kit qud hqc tdp hoy DG hieu qud Id mdt bd

phdn duoc chdp nhdn ndm trong Ifnh vyc EX3CL;

3) KTDGvd DGCL Id nhu nhau (niu KTDG duqc

su dyng vdi nghTa rdng thi hoi khdi niem ndy bdt

Tap chi Giao due s6 23 8 (ki a • 5/aoio)

ddu gidng nhau, deu nhdm myc dieh DG duqc

gid trj eua viee dqy vd hqc trong mdt chuang

trinh, mdt khda hqc...).

2) Myc dich cua KTDG? Ddy cung Id mdt

vd'n d l ed nhilu quan diem khde nhou. Tuy nhien,

quon niem sou duqc nhilu ngudi thira nhdn hon

ed: Myc dieh DG Id cung ed'p thdng fin ve sy bien

ddi vd tiin bq eua SV, tqo nen trdch nhiem gidi

trlnh dd'i vdi cdc ea quan bin ngodi, DG chuong

trlnh, phdn fich finh hiiu qud frong ehi tiiu vd dqf

ra cdc myc tiiu gido dye. Xet tir nnh vyc DGCL,

edn cd sy phdn biet «DG tdng thi" hoy «DG bq

phdn". DG bd phdn nhdm myc dich ndng cao

chdt luqng hoy phdt triln mdt bd phdn, mot

chuong trinh, mdt ed nhdn hoy mdt sdn phdm;

edn £X3 tdng the duqc tiln hdnh nhdm myc dich

gidi trinh hoy phdn phdi cde ngudn lye, chirng

nhdn, tuyln chqn vd phdn loqi trinh do (ddi vdi

SV) hay cdc quyet djnh ndng mirc thudng vd

thdng tiln (dd'i vdi GV). Cd the ndi: ICTDG nhdm

ndng cao chdt lugng nhifng viec hq dang Idm

hay de ra quyit dinh ve cde ngudn lye, chuong

fhnh, ddi ngu...

3) Cd the KTDG nhdng gi? Cd nhilu ngudi

coi tdt cd cdc khio canh cuo GDDH Id ddi tuong

cuo KTDG. Dd Id: - thu thdp DG cua GV vd'SV

v l tdt ed nhtrng chuong trinh DH, duqc tiln hdnh

theo mdt chu ki di u ddn; - Thu thdp EX3 cua GV

vd SV v l viee gidng dqy cuo timg GV, duqc tinh

Id mdt qud trinh xem xet luong thudng vd thdng

hen, duqc tiln hdnh thudng xuven; - Thdm dd y

kiln cuo SV mdi vdo trudng ve hodn cdnh xudt

thdn, sd thich, mong mudn vd thdi do cua hq;

- Cdc bdi kilm tro phdn loqi trinh do v l mdn hoc

de xdc djnh duqc trinh do kT ndng cuo SV; - Thdm

dd y kiln cuo SV trong tirng Idp hoc vdo moi hqc

ki v l tinh hieu qud cuo khda hqc vd viec gidng

dqy cuo GV phy trdch; - Thdm dd y kiln SV sdp

tdt nghiep hay nhi/ng eyu SV v l sy gido dye md

* Tnroing Sai hpc sir pham Ha Noi