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ve moi linh VlfC

Th~ hi~n tAt cit cac th~ manh cua DK,

rnQt NXB v~ sach hinh anh hang dAu

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Ban co thS kham pha cuon sach nay bang each sir dung

hop Xem them. Hop nay se d~n ban d@n voi cac chu

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mw

Nhfrng ngum dich:

Thanh Van, Bich Lieu, Minh Tan, Cao Dung

Hieu dinh:

Do Hoang Scm, Vo Hang Nga

va nh6m Tan Thu

l

A DORlING KlNDERSLEY BOOK

www.dk .corn

Original Title: Childr en's Illustra ted Encyclopedia

Copyright © 2000 Dorling Kindersley Limited, London

Ban quyen lieng Vter © C6n g ry Van hoa Dong A, 2009

Cuo n sach duoc ban theo hop don g chuyen nhirong ban quy en gifra

Cong ty Van hoa Dong A va Dorling Kindersley

Allright reserved. No pan of this publication may be reproduced,

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cho Mn cac hinh tlnrc khac khi rna chua co su dong y tnroc b~g

van ban cua ngum narn giit tac quyen.

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C(p ng ay 1/ 912 009.

In xong va nQP hru chieu quy IV nam 2009

MUCLUC

. .

CACH su m)NG SACH Doi song h oang da

8-10 tai Australia 71-72

T0 THO DAN UCDEN Ao 73

VUON THU 11-745

Ne n van rninh Aztec .7 4

Tho dan De 12 Ngiroi Babylon 75

Cac mro c c<lng hoa Quang cao 13 LUng va chon h oi.. 76

vimg Caue asus 132 Chau Phi 14-17 Bale 77

Hang dong 133 Lich Slr chau Phi 18-1 9 Cac tro choi dung bong .. 78

Ngum Celt 134 Doi so n g h oang da Khinh khi cau va kill cau ..79

Ret va cuon chien 135 Cr chau Phi 20 Cac qu oc gia vun g Baltic

Trung Phi 136-137

Khong khi 21 va Belarus 80

Trung My 138-139 May bay 22-23 Ngum man ro 81

Trung A 140-14 1 . Khong quan 24 Doi 82

Charlemagne 142 San bay 25 Gau va gau true 83 Hirou, son duong va Hoa h oe 143 Alexander Dai de 26 Hai ly 84 linh duong 18 9 Trung Qu a e 144-147 Alfred D~ de 27 Ong va on g ~p cay 85 Dan chu 190 Lich sir Bang ch tr cai 28 BO 86 D~ suy tho ai Trung Quoc 148-149 NOi chien Hoa Ky 29 Vu ong qu a e Benin 87 nh img nam 19 30 191 Co doc giao 150 -1 5 1 Cach m~g Hoa Ky 30 Xe dap va xe m ay 88 Sa mac 192

NguOi Anglo- Nha tho va nha tho Ian 152 saxon 31-3 2 Vu no Ion 89 Doi son g h oang da Winston Churchill 153 Dong 33-34 Sinh v~ hoe 90 & sa mac 193-1 94

Cac Xiee 154 giae q uan cua Chim 9 1-92 Thiet ke 195- 196

d¢og va t 35-36 Car Chet Den 93 Thanh ph o 15 5

Charles Di ckens 197

Ch KID hau 15 6 au Nam Cue 37-38 Ha den 94 Sir tieu h oa 198

Kien va m oi . 39 Sach 95-96 Dongh6 157

KhUng long 199-20 0

Khao eo h oc 40-41 Na o va day than kinh ...... 9 7 QUID ao 158 -1 59 Benh t~t... 201

Kien true 42-43 Brazil.. 98-100 Th an da. , H O Bac si... 20 2

Bk Cue 44-45 Cau l01 Chien tranh lanh 16'1 Ch6 . cho soi va cao 203-204

Arg entina 4 6-47 Anh quae eo dai 102 Colornhia 162 Ve .' 205

QUID d oi 48 De qu oc Anh 103-104 Mau s~c ] 63 ThUDC 20 6

Ao giap 49 Phat thanh va Christo pher Columbus ] 64 Vit , ng6ng va thien nga 20 7

Chau A 50-53 truyen hinh 105 Sao ch rii va sao bang 165 D~ bang va nlnrng loai

Lich suochau A 54-55 Th oi dai D6 dong 10 6 Chu nghia c¢ n g san 166

chim san inoi khac 2 08

De ch e Assyr ia 56 Phat giao 107 Nhac si 167-1 68 Tai : 209

Nha du h anh va Xay dvng ] 08 May tinh 169-17 0 Trai dat 2 10-2 11

du hanh vu tru . 57 Xe buyt 109 Nhling nha chinh phuc... 171 D¢ng dat 212

Thien van h oe 58-5 9 Buorn va Bao ton va nhirng Dong Phi 213-215

Dien kinh 60 buom dern ] 10-111 loai b] de doa 172-173 sinh thai va

Dai Tay Duong 61-62 Nam nroc Byron 112 LVe <$a 174 hroi thirc an 21 6-217

KID quyen : 63 De che Byzantine 1 ] 3 James Cook 175 Giao due 218-2 19

Ngu yen nr va phan ttr 64 Julius Caesar 114 San ho, sua va hai qu j 176 Ai Cap co da i 220-221

Au stralia 65-68 Lac da birou va lac da Trau va bo 177 Albert Einstein 222

Lich sir Australia 69 - 70 khong birou 1 15 Cua va nlnrng loai Dien 223 -224

May anh 116 giap xac khac 178 Dien nr 225

<90--D¢ng va t ngvy trang 117 Cri ke 179 Voi 226

Can ad a 118-12 0 Ca sau 180 Nu hoang Elizabeth I 22 7

Ljch sir Can ada 121 Oliver Crowell 18 1 Di ell' va nh~p ell' 228

Vung Caribbean 122 -123 QU\l. gie cUi va qU\l den .. 182 Nan g luQ'llg 229

qch suovUng Th~p t\! chinh 183 Don g CO' 230-231

Can bbean.. ............. 124 ~p nuCrc 184 Anh 232

Xe 6 to 125-1 26 KIDeu vU 185 N¢i chien Anh 23 3

Hi hoa.. 127 Charles Darwin 186 Thang may va U.u da i 128-129 DOi song h oang da thang euon 234

Meo 130- 131 dum bi en sau ..... 187-188 Chau Au 235-2 38

Lien minh chau Au 239 Lich sir Yh9C 422-423

Lich su chau Au 240-241 Chau Au th oi

Iran 354 Tien hoa 242-243 Trung co 424-425

Ireland 355-35 6 Nhimg nha Kim loai 42 6

Lich su Ireland 357 tham hiem 244- ..,. ...J· ...L-·. Mexico 427 -42 8

Thoi dai D6 t... 35 8 Mac 246 Chuot nhat , chuot cong Sat va chep 35 9 Nha may 247 va soc 429 -430 H " . . oi giao 360 Dong v~t nuoi trong Kinh hien vi 431

Israel 3 61 tran g trai 24 8-249 Vi sin h var ., 432

Italy 362-364 Nong nghiep 250 Trung Dong 433 -4 35

Li ch su Italy 3 65-366 Lich sir nong nghiep 251 S\I' di tni cua Nhat Bin 367-3 69 Le hoi 252 d¢ng v~t 43 6

Lich sir Nha t Bin 370-3 71 Dien anh 253-254 May bay qUID su 437

Jesus Christ 372 Lira 255 N giroi Min oa 438

Joan xu Arc 37 3 Vu dai h oa hoan Tu vien 439 Cay than thao va ngu coc 304 Dao Do Thai 37-± DLondon 256 Tien 440 CM.u ch au va de 305 John F. Kennedy 3 75 Sa ciru 257 De che Mong Co 44 1 Doi son g hoang da Martin Luther King 376 Ca 25 8-259 Khi va kill kh ong tren dong co 306-30 7 Dieu va tau luon 3 77 Nghe danh ca 2 60 du oi 442-443 Luc hap dan 308 Hlcp si va huy hi eu .. 37 8-379 Co- 261 Mat trang 44+ Hy Lap 309 Tri eu Tien 38 0 Ruoi va rnuoi 262 William Morris 445 Hy L;lP co dai 310-311 Doi song hoang da DQng vat bier bay 26 3-2 64 Reu, reu tan va Am rmru thuoc sung 312 o song h o 38 1-3 82 Hoa va diro c thao 2 65-26 6 dUCJl1g xi ., 446 Sung 313 Ho 383 Thirc an va. cong ngh Nui 447 The du e 31 4 Ng on ngu 384 thirc pharn ......... 267 -26 8 Doi song hoang da

Dong ho Hapsburg 3 15 La-de 385 Bong da va rren nui. 448 Sire kh oe 316-3] 7 Lu at phap 386-3 87 bong bau du e .... 269 -27 0 Muhammad 449 Tim va mau 3 18 Leonardo d a Vin ci 388 Lire va chuy en d¢ng ... .... . 271

Co va sir van dong 450 Nhier. 3 ] 9- 32 0 Lewis va Clark.. 3 89 Doi so n g hoang da Bao tan g va thu vien 45 1 Nhlm, chuo t chui va Arm san g 390-3.91 tron g rimg 2 72 -27 3 Narn , narn doc va chuo t chu 32 1 Abraham lincoln 392' H6a thach 27 4 cac 10 ?-i nam khac ...... 4 52 May ba y true th ang 322 Sir nr, h6 va nh-crng Pha p 275-278 Am nhac.. 453 -454 Henry VIII 323 loai kha c trong Lich sir nuo c Pha p 279-28 0 Nhac cu 455 -45 6 Ngu dong 324 119meo Ian 393 -3 94 Cach rn ang Pha p 281 Than th oai va D;lO Hindu 325 Van h9C 395-396 Ech va cac lo ai tru yen thu yet . 457 Cuoc tan Sat ngum Van hoc Anh. 39 7-3 98 luang cu khac 282 Th ' , ' Napoleo n Bonaparte 45 8 Do Th ai 326 an Ian 3 99 -.400 Qua va ha t. 283 -284 Nhimg cuoc chien tranh Cu m nglla 327 Louis XlV 401 Do noi that. ,28 5 cua Napoleon 459 Ngua, ngva van Cac mro c vimg Tro choi 286 Cac cong vien va lira 32 8-329 dat chap 402-403 Khi 287 qu c c gia cua Benh vien 330 l.ich sir cac mro c Da quy va d o trang sire 28 8 Vuong qu6c Anh ....... 460

Nha D 331 vung dat chap 404-405 Di rruy en hoc 28 9-290 Th6 dan My .... .. 4 61-462 o the ngum 332-333 phQi va 16 hap 40 6 Dia ly 291 H"' . al quan 46 3 Nhan ~n 334 May m oc 407-4 08 Hinh h9C 292

Clu Dtlili hUOng tren bien en tranh Tram nam 33 5 TilP chi 409 • Dlfc 293-296

D va tren kh ong 464 e che In ca 336 Dili hi en ch uang Wch su n.uac Duc 297-298

An To va hang 4 65 D(> va tH!u I\lC nuOc Anh 4 10 Son g bang va , Bao 466 d.ia An D(> 337-340 Tli tinh 411 , ch6m bang 29 9 I New Zealand 46 7-468 Ltch su A.n D¢ 341-342 Dong ~t co vU 412-413 , Thuy tmh va. gom 300 An D(> Duang 343- 344 Nelson Mandela 414 Ljch su Nha nUDc va New Zealand 4 69 Cach miln g Mao Tr;lch Don g 415 chinh trt 301-303

Co Floren ce Nightingale 470 n g nghi~p ...... 345-346 Ban do 41 6

Nen van minh thung 1- . ung song An 347

Dm son g h oan g d a

6' dhil lay 417

Ngum Norm an

Bk Phi

4 71

4-72 · 4 73

Ce n g ngh thong tin348-349 Nguyen v~t li ~u 418 B~ My 4 74-4 77

Con trling 350-351 Toan hoc 419 Dm son g h oang da

Int ernet 352 Maya 420 6' ~c My 478-479

Ngum Inuit.. 35 3 YhQc 421 Bac Ireland 480

MVc q JC

Th01 dai hat nhan 481 Phong trao Cai each ........ 547 Mien nam chau Phi. 630 -63 1

Nan g luong hat nhan 482 Ton giao 548-549 Lich sir Lieu Xo 632 -633

So 483 Thoi ky Phuc hung 550-551 Bay vao vii. tru 634-635

Bien va dai duong 484-485 Str sinh sin 552-553 Tay Ban Nha 636-639

Doi son g hoang da & Loai bo sat.. 554-555 Lich sir Tay Ba.n Nha 640-64 1

dai duong 486-487 Te giac va he o voi . 556 Nhen va ho cap 642

Bach tuoc va rmrc ong 488 Song 557 ~p vien va hoar dong

Dau 489 DuOng va xa 1<) 558 tinh bao 643

The van hoi Olympie 490 Ngum may 559 The thao 644-645

Op era va hat. 491 Nhac rock va pop 560-561 Tern va hiru dien 646

Dan nhac 492 Ten hra 562 Sao bien va nhim bien 64 7

Da di eu va em u 493 Da va khoang chat ... 563-564 Sao 648-649

De che Ottoman 494 De che La Ma .......... 565-56 6 Thong ke 650

Nhling ngum song ngoai f ranklin Delano Tu ori g NIT thin T\I'do 651

von g ph ap luat. 495 Roosevelt 567 Thi ITUOng chUng khoan 652

CU 496 Lien bang Nga 568-571 Thoi dai Do aa 653

Khi oxy 497 Lich su mro c Nga 572-5 73 Bao 654

Thai Binh Duong 49 8-499 e ach mang Nga 574 Dong ho Stuart 655

HQa si. 500-501 Dua thuyen 575 Tau ngam 656

HQa si Anh 502-503 Ve tinh 576 Ngum Sumer 657

Hoi hoa 504-505 Scandinavia 577-579 Mat troi 658

Gia Lich su Scandinavia 580-581 Boi loi 659 dinh Pankhurst.....506

Giay Truong hoc 582-58 3 Thuy Si.. 660 507

Khoa hoc 584 Xe tang 661 Cuoc kh oi nghia

Na Lich su-khoa hoc. 5 85 -586 Cong ngh~ 6 62 -663 ng dan 508 I

Scotland 587 Ran g 664 Ba Tu eo dai 509

Ngh thuat dieu khac 588 Dien thoai 665 Thu canh 5 10

Chim bi en 589 Kinh vien vong 666. Ngum phoenicia 511

Hai cau va su nr bien 590 Truyen hinh va Nhiep anh 512-513

Doi s6n g hoang da video 667-698 V~t 1'1 hoe 514

abo bien 591 -592 Vii de t 669' Nhimg nguoi hanh huong ..515

William Shakesp eare 593 Nha hat 670-671 Cuop bi en 51 6

CeI. map va ca duoi 594 Thoi gian 672 Cac hanh tinh 517-5 18

VO va cac loai co vo 595 Du lich va hi hanh 673 Thuc vat .. 519-520

Tau va thuyen ....... .. 596-597 Do choi 674

Cha t deo 521

Cira hang va Thuong mat va Th O' 522

vie c mua s£m 598 con g nghi~p 675-·676 Tharn hi ern dia qrc 523

K'1 hi~u va bieu tu<;mg 59 9- Tau hOa 677-678 Dm song hoang da . 600 L~ch su taL 679 -680 acae c\l'e 524-525

B¢ xuong 60 1-602 cay coi 681 -682 canh sat 52 6-527

Che a <) chiem hw Xe tai.. 683 onhiem 528-529 nol 603 -604 Harriet Tnbman 684 Cing va duang thuy........ 530

Oc sen va sen 605 Dong hOTudor 685 BoDao Nha 531-532

606 DuOng bam 686 l..j.eh su EO Bao Nha 533

Dat 607 ThO Nh i Ky 687-688 NgM lam d6 gam 534

Chi m biet hOt 60 8 Ukrain c 689 Cu<)c song th01

Am thanh 609 Tham hiem dum deu SlI 535 -536

Ghi am 610 m~ nuac 69 0-69 1 Ngum den su 537

Nam Phi 6 l 1-612 Vuong quae Anh 692-695 In 538 l..j.ch su Nam Phi 613 Itch sir Vuong Mua roi 539

NamMy 614-6 17 qua c Anh 696-697 Trb ehm tri tu 540 qch su Nam My 618-619 ThO 541

Dong Nam A 620-6 23 Raaa 542 l..j.eb su Dong Nam A.. 624-625

Radio (song va tuyen) 543 Mien trung cua Dong Nam

Ph6ug Xl,l. 544 chau Au 626-627

Lich su tUng vimg

cua Vuong quoc

Anh

Lien Hiep Quoc

Hoa Ky

itch sir Hoa Ky

ViJ. tru

Bac si chu y

Nir hoang Victoria

Thoi dai Victoria

Chien tranh Vi~ Nam 712

Ngum Viking 713

Nui lira 714

Xu Wales 715

Tau chien 71 6

George Washington 717

Nuoc 718 -719

The th ao dum nuo c ........ 720

VU khi .

Chon , chon ecmin,

chon mactet

Th oi tiet..

Do luOng

Tay Phi

Ca voi va d. heo

Banh xe

Gio

Qu yen phu nir

Cac kyquan cua the

gim eodai

Chien tranh

746-777

698-699

700

701 -704

705-706

707

708

70 9

71 0-71 1

72 1-72 2

72 3

724-725

726

727-730

73 1- 732

73 3

734

735

736

the gi61. 1............ 737-738

Chien tranh

the gim IL. 73 9-740

Giun 741

Nha van va nha tho, 742 -743

Tia X 744

VuCm. thu 745

THONG TIN THAM KHAo

Nien hien su

The gim quanh ta

Tl,l nhi.en

Khoa ho c

BANG CHU DAN

BANG BrA DANH

161 cAM ON

748 -7 55

756-7 65

766-771

772-777

778 -792

793-795

796-800

Mua va tu yet 545 Dong nam chau Au thu<)c Sach tham khao 546 D~a Trung Hii .... 628-62 9

eACH sir DUNG . SACH

TRONG CUON SACH NAY, ban co the de dang tam, ban hay hra chon chu de do ill phan Muc Iuc

tim ra thong tin ve nhieu chu de . Cach tim kiern roi tim den trang noi dung . Neu ban khong tim

diroc neu & ba trang sau . Cac chu de chinh duoc thay chu de muon tim thi chu de do khong phai la

sap xep thea thir t1J abc tieng Anh, bat diu nr Tho chu de chinh va khong c6 trang neng. Trang

dan Dc (Aboriginal Australians) va ket thiic la Viron tnrong hQ'P do, hay l~t Bang chii dan & phia sau ,

thu (Zoo). M6i chu de chinh c6 it nhat 1a mot trang phan nay se cho ban biet phai xem trang nao de

noi dung. Muon tim hieu ve chu de rna minh quan tim thay thong tin minh can .

.. :~v'Z6";M II . .

H ON3.0 00 NAM TRu6c. mroc Iran ngay oay J. que buang cua nhieu b6 <¢e khae _ ---;- GIOI

nhan, Hong doc6 bo roc Medes ,..i Ba Tu (Persia) Trong nlueu Dim, nguoi Medes cai M6i trang e6 rnuc

trt d vimg, nhung vao nam 54 9 IT"l1Ot: C6ng nguyen. Cyrus, vua cua m ot rhanh bang chinh bit dau b~

HiNH MINH HQA h6 rbnoc BaTu la Ashan, da chinh phuc bo toe MOOes va lap nen mot VU'O'og quoc phin gim thieu eung

ron g kill . Trong vong 30 nam, Ba Tu tr6 rhanh mot quoc g:Ia bimg manh oJMt <he !h ' t ' v' nhr Nhi"mg hinb minh hoa gi60j va M cite BaTu ll'oij dli roan bo vung LuOngHI, Anatolia (Tho Nbi KY). mien doog capki ' n~ mg chi [iet lam cac chu de OJ. Trung Hit va khu VIJ'C Iu nay u Pakistan va Afghani".n. Troog qlllUg thoi gLm su . c. 1 .V o~ e

tro nen son g dong . tren 200 nam, ll. Tu la d( chc 100 nhal rhe gi01 h'l! do. Ng'lJOi Ba Tu ]} nb im g clu en ehu de . Ban co the co

Hinh rrunh h oa nay ve bmh, ky si cit khoi va li th O'rhu cong kheo leo. HQ diroc t6 cblic cb at cbe, DuO; m eu I d iroc cac hen thirc co

nlnmg ngiroi mang vua Danus I. con '-" U Darius D", M. de cbechia thanh nhieu cinb . MOl m;mg hroi g:Iao bin m6t ch u de

. thOng nO. lien de tilth gUlp diul chUng c6 II",.dl cruae khi 'dQe tiep . eDng ph aro de n hoan g lai, h u6l! bin de ding. Darius do ~p ra <h(m g cun g eho vua Ba Tu vao b'nI chilth va <l img d6ng tien ~lOO n hat uong

ng ay diu nam m6i. de'(·he. Dc cbC' B. Tu pM n Illlnb cho d[n klll

Al..... nde.rlJ de rn a Hy 4p ch lnh ph \,c Ba

Tu vao nw 33 I truOc C6ng ngnyen.

W,JCPfW

P ERSEPOLIS Trong cae muc ph\,! eo

Jh>.ing 51Umroc e to'K ~UY ll DuJ"" I nhieu th ong tin hon .1, ,u" d y d\fllg Il I' ,, P"",,!ooIL' TI,Lnb ve m(>t chu de ch ing p hd n r 11trt... ~i~J U,IC xJ.y dUI:.2 &,,',1 l~1l '\Iu...

~~I I ( 486 -4 11 5 ru~ C....n K 2. ~l1 Pf"r;f'po \ han nhu !hong tin ve ell i1hl _I h ) il nh1 d~ 1>.;." ci otuz ron Persepolis. kinh thanh CHllTHiCH Me.. 1111 I m \\c 1111 . dAn. 111'£ ( t'CIl ' r.:hl'!

1I1U1~ W. ,1I':n dLDg dLrc ·V:"') dIp u.ill I m a1 cua Ba Tu c6 d~i. M6i hinh mi nh h<;>a

o~e bue inb de u dU'Q'C

eh u thi eh ro rang .

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Anh x~a[ hi ~n ahiu

BAN £)6 het cae ITang va minh

M¢t s6 rran g c6 bin d6 h oa eho mQi chu de .

de bieu tN '1 rri eua Tam. :inh co hinh kh~e

rung d6 rren the gim. diu n gva nay duqc

Ban d6 nay eh o biet '1 BATlJ'C6 DAl eh~p t;li kiIlh thanh

tri va s1,l bitnh rruang Persep olis eua Ba Tu

eua de ehe Ba Tu . cO d;l..i .

1---- Xem them

ALEXAND ER 26

DEeHE ASSYRIA ~6

NGUO!BABYLON 7S

Hy LAP c6p<lr 3 10

ThUNG PONG 413

KHUNG THOr GlAN

Trong cae trang ve l~ch su c6 m ¢>t khung XEMTHEM

!hOi gian . gi6 ng Ilh u m ¢>t uall l~ch ve lieh H(>p Xem th em a goe dum ben phal eua rran g cuai m61

su oPhin nay eung cap eho b;m biet tat ca m\le cho b~ bie[ ve cae ch u de lien qu an. Ch ing han nhu

cae n gay thang rna ban ein thea each de h(>pXem them. ve Ba Tu e6 dai li¢t ke nam. m\,!e lien quan:

lim lmat. Khung thOi gian ahinh tren Alexander Dai de. d€ eh e Assyria, nguOi Babylon, Hy L~p

t ung eap cho b;m !h6ug [in ve su hinh c6 d;l..i va Trung Dong . q.t tm cae trang nay ban se c6

tharth va s\,!p d6 eua d€ eh e Ba TU'. them kieo thuc ve Ba Tu eo d;l..i.

8

CACH sil DUNG SACH

6­ o BAN DO

Nfu Nlii Cong

• In•.IJlh trinh Thu dO Thanh

phd nho, DAy IXXOMITU Trang cucn sach nay co cac Ilia co dai pho lon c"" "' e-..lIlftll'" so!.LEU THONG Kll th] 'r.in lr'* ,, 'i

tln. _

""*: Dt¢n uch : Hn J~ :I Ill::1. ban dove tat ca cac luc C4a va (TJIt

D~ 71J ,flo rh cac quae gia 100 tren the gi&i. fl. f'

Nt':....ll riP! 'h tDi lul)', lrt:

Plu,p. 7.h:.t:l.... . I.J. Mi , S-ln.lJnU. Moi ban do bieu th; cac vling BW TlJQNG I Ti'" f"O' COO;il(Iii: 1,1M_,

"TIll dl.r.o t n Ul ~o chinh, dac diem C4a 11va mot Moi bin d6 d~u co Ho s6 dia danh Iich SIX quan cac bieu nrong de Tlf.!l 1' Dl' "11 1"1)

:-': i b!.. • c-h inh n ll€·. i.of. bH'~u th] nhUng dic~u du.11 • . ,l&l i :a:h ...iu rrQng. Tren rnoi rrang ban do ~~ • cln quan tam, la mot hop thong tin eo eo va Xu1t kh.lll ·n,.:... kf ~JK"1l

NhUng bieu ruqng '"

MI" thong tin ve vung do. Cac na y bao gam thu Nh .'lr Ir:h.iu· 01u, 'L2Uytn birc anh minh hoa cho nhliTI.g do lJfl l~.1fI .l )"lx.: , thanh ph o Ion ....ON"AC O ....... L clni de dang quan tam . va thanh phOnho ,

mii cao nh at, nui

T hra va cac eon g c-.. .. ..", \Ic::_ " c1 'M:IItII ... HOP SO USu rn6NG KE

rrmh eo dai. Wr.tT.,.,._

\.... ,.. 1.... Moi ban d6 ~u elikern v&:i mot hop

.

rh " ", w. .."., .......,.; .\TI A~ Il' Il();\I 56 lieu thong ke cun g cap thong tin

,-. ( Itm na ve cac y€u tonhir dien tich oat dai,

0 .1.", :;6 dan s6 , ngon ngir. ton giaD, ti

tun .. I.ll y o:tp

rr "'"8:'" "k nf; ca.. . ~" va cac nganh ngh e chinh . na.!lfh, m ,f u b.' SII.,dihia .,h t; ;· f' ~m (Sqr de.r:n.J B il n 1011fU"b .tlJ.IIIIJ :me oXl£ ra. ~ n T yrr h e" ia co lr hJ) II 'tll JJ.

H.ll !l (I SJCIl.Y Co cua mroc chinh tren ban 1a1 :dilllf "" fW'I "''''''~ t;,'JIf",-itc..idng _ ..nIi!...i .•• dolu6n diroc bieu thi . Day IU ' mJ.Hf:\"t.. [ tt ,3I: , .... .. r P4~",~.. . B ltn Ulla "'S. ....... - "" la co cua Italy .

"'''''' ll IIlI"" l c n sa H , ...,.. ,- \ , .t.~ .>i1St .....

J. ~· ...· 161r.Jlt "" ::-" r llllr r m u \

HOP \4 ,U-TIt rn6NG TIN­ DI IU b' J I 6 bn1

Uu11lii: 40 -11)] "1

Tl:iI&: Vde•• (,fit'J ll fJj "

phu thu (lc ho~e nhimg t.lr'Jn to' i"lf l:g M.lI!u.. ding Cae bue anh bieu tNeanh qu an

qu oc gia lan g gieng """ .'- . tnmg eua nhimg vting khae

Co cua cac Imh th6 j (' 111 £)~ DANH BANG QUAN T.AM

SAN MA.RlNO

':id l 6 1 km.' nhau. Buc anh' nay bieu t~ m(>t c6a 0 u6'c ehinh tren .0 : 1I . l l;'

ban d6 ciin g du:qc bieu l'trn.kt. Kn .'.Urtno canh & Milan . mmg tam thm trang

C Dll'l"r 'JUar lu.Iy .. MALTA "'CUTTA ae Mp thOng tin , ,cua 1taly. VATIC.o\Norr di kern nay cu.ng eung tJlr. lit b (J 1:4 i :H 1 r.:=.t'"1..... \' dllI .-i J.

Dtu '\6. lIH Li I1utl1 '" ,I"r l!&Jn'a I:& t,..

capnhUng thong tin TL,J "'O V~li(~ \:~ T'UIlh -;:.b'i iI trZa l llWltl l. r"ll

N~ \n.Dg ;-- Tift,:.:h.i.lY.lJlng t1 'f!I/l~DDaflilb.w.u1 iII t lJ_ ').i

~~a",J ntun~lItu11l

QR: ;.. U d ' "" ll ;IICCnltup r:'I:i c 1..1 •.•

hUu ich khac rul1.f di~n !11 •

tich oat dai . din 50. L

thl! do va ngon ngir . 364

rnuCK TI I$ LABAN

C6 m (lt thu6'c ti tren moi La ban ChD b~ bi et huang dong, ray,

ban do de ban eo the \rOC nam, b£c !Ten ban d6.

ll1"Q'l1g khDang'each thl,l'c tf

Hop lieu Stl wng cap cae

tMng bn theo trinh tv

thaigian v~ mot

ngu&1nao do.

thuyet khoa hQc mot

cach danglan vara rang.

NhCmg trang v~ thJ thao cl10

chUng ta buft loal dung CI,I nao

dtJqc s&dl,lng cho cac hoat

d¢ngthd IIlao ttJOTJg {mg.

~~~@i CAc COO DE CHfNH

0;, ",,' on :- Cuon sach nay co cae trang ehinh nhieu chli

co ban d6 bieuthi nhCmg vung de sau r¢ng, bao g6m tieu S11, l~eh 511, the thao , sinh songcMyeucuacac loa;

d¢ng thllC veit hoang dii. l~eh 511 tv nmen, khoa hQe vaeong ngh~

9

CACH sirDif.'/ G SACH

Motdong then gian ehilY ngang 0- o~u cac trang

THONG TIN THAM KHAo /Ieh Stf giupban e6 th~ sosanh nhiing Sl,f ki~n oa

xJyre aesc I/,Ie oiavao mot thaioilm nhat oinh. 6 phan sau cuon sach 1a phan Thong

tin tham khao cung cap thong tin khai

quat ve lieh SU, Qia 1y, tv nhien, khoa NUN BlEU Lj'CH SU

hoc va cac sir kien. Phan nay giup ban Nien bieu Itch su [om

d t lich sir the giCri nr nhanh chong tim ra cac thong tin can thoi rien sir den na y, rhi et cho cac m en h 9 C vi chung diroc (rang do rnoi trang sip xep dum d;mg bang bieu. Phan nay [Tung vao mot luc dla

c1l.ng co rae dung nhu la ngu6n tham ho ac mo t qu oc gia . Cac

khao ci€ bo tro eho d e chu de narn & su kien quan [r9ng

diroc trinh bay the o d e trang chinh: trinh tu thoi gian.

THE GIOI QUANH TA TI::lEelm Tron g phan nay la ba ban do the gi&i bieu thi

cac van de cua the gi&i hien nay : duemg bien

gl&i va 51! phar trien dan 56, san xua t va lieu

thu nang hrong , S\I phat trien cua truyen thong

qu6e te Phan gi6i thi eu rna ta cac xu huang

hien tai va tac dong cua chung toi the gi&i cua It Bj~u do oang e(it ba chung tao Cac s6 lieu thong lee so sanh duoc t . ,tt hj cungcaps6 i~u trinh bay [rang cac d6 th; va bieu do . tt I tMng ke esc Qu6e t tt gia kMe nhau. i~u 06 gllip escehu Itt . O~ de hii !l han. , t ttt

ttl: t TU NHIEN .ft:::: Phan n'ay c6 m ot , . f U tt..tt• -----_ ... ........_-t_ ­ ..

_'-' bieu db tong the . •..ttttt...... .t••• t:ttt.tttt t pharr loai thuc vat, ••t. t tttttttt t

d(mg var, danh

sach car loai bi de

doa va nhie u thong

hi~u /oaiOOng tnuc tin khac ve th e gi&i OlltlC minh ·hoa. tvnhie n .

SO 'SANH KfCH THUOC ... " c

VA TU VIET TAT

SO SANH KiCH rane e

Se e6 hie ban thay be trai

va be gal n ay. Hai em be

nay e6 chieu cao 1,2 m va

giup ban so sinh kich eo

cua cac vat hay dong vat

voi eon nguoi.

TUVIET TA.T

M(Jrs6 lit duoc viet dt hay rut gQn

tro ng cu6 n sach nay. Nhfrng til li~t lee

ben diroi la dang vier cit cua cac til:

1

L -- _ °c =dQ C

oj: .-r- do F

mm =m ilirn et

nANG CHU DAN rn > met r=-:­ 5'20 b b " ,

dan , nher d6 b;u1 eo the tim ra bat ky . 52;-::33'- -A'~I e6ehu o~ chinh v~ bae Sl km :=: kil6m et

(; sau eno n sach e6 m¢t Bang ehli . Baeleeland , Leo 521 ;...- 0 2 eho (In ret rang em:=: xemimet

BaJ1fam J _ _ , 0- trang202. ehtl de nao c6 tran g eu on sach nay . km2 :=: kilomet vuong bac si 202, 330, 421, 756

Cae eon so [Tong Bang chli dan mang km / h = kilomet tren gia bac si thu~ 20 2. 330 Yllghia: 56 756 eho ban bletr§ng in = ineh bie Sl illu y 708 • S6 in d~ chi cae ehu de chinh. trongphJn ThOng tm tham m ph :=: d~ [Ten gier hae f2 6 • S6 in ngltieng eh i cae trang & phan khao atrang756 e6them

g = gam ~e hi , dugc tha o 265 caethOng tin v~ bae sT. Thon g tin tham khio & euoi si eh . kg = kilogam • s6 in thuang ehi ra eae trang co oz = o unee

th ong tin e6 hen qU.uL 56 265 ehoban blel rJngbile

1= lit hil (mot IOil! olloe thao) Olfr;!C

d~ e?p denatrang265.

10

11

ABORIGINAL AUSTRALIANS

,.,,? ,."

T HO DAN UC

NHUNG CU DAN uc DAU TIEN la ngum du cir den tir cac nuoc Nam Aeach day

khoang 40.000 narn. Khi ngum chau Au tim den chau Dc VaG cuoi the ky XVIII, ho d~t

ten cho nhUng ngum dan ban dia nay la "tho dan", nrc la nhUng ngum da song 6' do

nr thuo sa khai. Ngay nay , c6 khoang 410 .000 tho dan Dc. Phan 16'0 h o song trong

thanh pho, my nhien vai nghin ngum van tiep t1,J.C cuoc song thea phuong thirc rruyen

thong. HQ kiem thirc an trong cac khu nrng thua, san ban b~ng giao mac hoac

boomerang. Ngoai ra, ho con an d. rau co, con trling . HQ co rat it tal san

va chu yeu tao ra moi thir can thiet cho cuoc song tir vat lieu thien

NGmnruAT nhien. Cach song nay knong lam anh huang hoac gay hai den moi Ngh¢ th ~t cia

lh o dan De ch u truorig . V&i tho dan noi day, S1,l' tru phu cua dat dai va h~ dong ~u n6i ve MQng

thor va d l1Q'C coi thuc vat vt: cung quan trQng va thieng lieng .

nhu la m ot phan cua cac n ghi Ie. Nhtrng M e

hoa ve eon n gU'm , cac vi than, eon ~t tTOng

M(Jn g tl101xu at hi en ral nhieu rren cac vach

da va ling da & nhung vung lanh thO cua bo

lac, Cie b irc tranh nay duoc ve dat son,

hoan g th 6 va dat set tring. M ()l s6 birc da eo

han g ngan uam moi ,

Nhiing bu6i Ie Iemjng t1J,

vanhiingIe nghibi

mat giii vaiIro

Quan In;mgIrang

aOi songcua tM

dim. Trang khi

nhaY mua, ca

Mt, I6ptM

dan tre co co

hoilim hldu

veMong /hOi.

ISao go dldjeridu ouocdUng ae Nhiing nguVi Iham gia ca mua ~u ctu»nhiingIan aieu cc ban trong vecac vgn soc len cO' Ih€. am nh{lc cua ngLfOi/h6 dim.

M ONG TH01

Tho dan Dc tin dng & thoi ky so khai co mot the gtoi linh hon bao gam con

nguoi, d¢ng vat, cay co da tao ra the gi6'i. nay. Thoi ki nay duoc g9i la M¢ ng

thoi (Dreamtime). Co rat nhieu bai hac, nhirng cau chuyen chan thoai nhac den

M¢ng thoi va diroc cac the h~ nguCYi ban xu hru rruy en ill dCYi nay sang dCYi khac .

£lOr S6NG 80 THI

Phin I<'m tho dan De 'son g tTOng cae [hanh pha va [~ rran . MQt so £lor IAI LANH 8~

a l1Q'C hU'&ng eae ehucmg tri OO [rq giup, giao d\le [u e!linh phu va !Chi ngU'm Anh de n dpm eU' 6' ehau

lam cae ngh e nhU' giao vien , bi e SI , lu~ su . Tu y nhi en , da so hQ e6 De. hQ oa xam chiem cae thinh dja

eUQe song n gheo kh o va taeh bi ~t v&i xa h ¢i cia nguOi a a rrhlg . HQ va nhling ,:ung dat khie ella ngum

kh ong can song th eo be? l<J.e nhu tnr6'C day nfra va b&i vi khon g !loa hin a ja, v&i Sl! giu p dO'eua eie

nh~ dl1Q'C v&i xi h¢i da tring nen hQkhong d uq e 11l1<'mg nhieu In ~t su bin c1!a , th o dan De da len

quyen lqi n hu ug uCn da tring. Nhung ng ay na y, nhfmg n gum rh6 tieug oo i I<J.i dat. N.1m 197 6,

din so ng & lhi thimh oa eo m¢t so phong lrio nh~m khai phl,le l<J.i chin h ph u Australia (De) da

nen van h6a be? tQe ella 10 tien . dong yeho ngl16'i din bin c1!a

e6 cae qu yen doi vm linh thO

Ngay naynguVi ta chi eua b¢ te?e minh va m ¢l so BOOMERANG slldr,mg boomerang viln g oat dl1qe tra l~i ch o hQ.

trangthdthaa.

. f-- - - Xem them ----I

- - - - - -1--- - - AUSTRALIA 65 N goai boo merang q uay LjCH s0 AUSTRAL tA 69

I<ri, thO oan De ca n sli dl,lug DOlS6NG HOANG DA T..\l USThALlA 7 1

boomerang ba y thhlg, kh 6ng qua y HOI 252

I~ lam vii khi de ehi en dau va san b~t THANTHOAI vA TRUY U:l U%T 457

cae IOal thti nhU' ehu ¢ t lUi.

12

ADVERTISING

QUANGCAO

TO' NHUNG TAM PANG KHONG LO & hai ben duemg d~n nhurig

mau quang cao nho tren cac trang bao deu co cling mot muc dich:

quang cao san pham, thuye; phuc chung ta nen mua san phfrn nay

thay vi mua san pham khac. Quang cao tren truyen hinh ngay nay tac

d¢ng ten hang trieu nguoi, nhung nhimg hinh thirc quang cao dau tien

& pham vi nho hon nhieu, Nhtrng ngum ban hang & cho rao to hang

ho ban; nhirng cira hang, cira hieu treo cac bien hieu thong bao ve cac

loai hang hoa ho buon ban. Quang cao hien dai xuat hien khoang 150

nam tnroc, khi cac nha may b~t diu san xuat hang hoa voi khoi IUQTIg

Ian. Bao chi dang tai cac muc quang cao cho moi mat hang, nr mu cho

d~n bier diroc. Ngay nay, quang cao la mot phan trong cong viec tiep

thi, bao gam ca thiet ke san pham, gii ca canh rranh, bao bi va mmg

bay. Quang cao xuat hien khap moi noi chir khong chi tren dai phat

thanh va truyen hinh. Chung duoc phit tren cac song nhac, son &

thanh xe va qua cac dai kh oi rren bau troi. Nlnrng thong diep quang

cao nay thuOng lam chung ta thich thu nhung kh oug phai quang cao

nao cling diroc hoan nghenh. Luat ve quang do giup bao v~ ngum

tieu dung khoi nhling quang cao sai sl,r th~t; nhling san pham co h~i

nhu thuoc la, ruqu bt h~ che quang do.

Kich ban ph{Jn canh

'\ Phieu tham

do thj trurmg TUNG RAsAN PRAM M6I

"-"-''- Chi phi cho quang eao rat lan, vi

~y mra c khi tung ra mot san

pharo k~o mm, cang ty socola phii

biet cMc san pham cua minh se

duQ'C ngum tieu dUng don nh~.

KlCH BAN PHAN cANH

Tma c khi quay q uang cio, nha

thiet ke ph 3..i ve timg carm len giay gi6ng nhu

tr uy ~n trarm. Copywriter (ngum viet 1m quang

cao) dam nhi ~m phm 1m de di kern hinll anb .

NGHIEN CUu TIll TRUONG

Hang tr.lin ngum duQ'c nem thil san ph am socola

mm va tra 1m ci c cau hoi lien quan tru a e khi no duQ'c

dem bin. C6ng viec nay duQ"C gQila nghien Clm tl trUang.

M9i ngu&i se dua ra y kien ve gia ca, ten g9i, kich mu&c cua

thanh socola va co the xern xer ci (hie( ke giay g6L

CHIEN DKH QuANG CAO

Ngan sach eila cae nlla san xuar khong phai la va h;m. Vi v~

quang cao thuang dUQ'e t6 chue thimh chien c4eh ngan g9n va

don Trong chien c4eh, quang d o xu:l" t hi ~n o' nhting giG

phit song da duQ'c1\l"I Ch9ll ki dng. Vi d~ quang d o cho

saeola (huang xua( hi~n trong nhimg chuang trinh danb cho tre

em tren truyen hinh chu khong qua mU9n ve dem. Tuang tl,l'

nhu the, cic mau quang cao tren

bao chi c6 the xuat hi ~n trong cac 1"--"'''---_..::..-1 I

/ t;J.p chi dimh cho gim ue. Quang cao

trenbao TnJng bay

hang h6a

trongcita

hang olJQ'e gl)/

la quangcao

oimban.

13

COCA-COLA

Quang cao thanh cang

se guip cho san pham

tro nen than tille, voi

khach hang va nguoi

mua tham chi noi luon

ten san pharn do khi

mua . Nhung mac hang

noi tieng duoc gQi la

nhan hieu va mot so nhan hieu duoc

ban rong rai tren the giOi. Coca- cola

ia mot trang nhimg nhan hi eu no i

tieng nhat. Nhan hieu nay duoc ra

doi anuoc My vao narn 1886. Ngay

t11 thor ky d~u, nha san xu at Coca-cola

da quang cao san pharn rat rong rai

bang each sir dung mot bieu nrong

d~ bier voi nhung chir cai rnau do

long vao nhau. Trang vong 10 nam,

dan chimg amol bang mroc My d~u

\.long Coca-cola . Ngay nay, tlnrong

hi eu nay da rro nen noi tieng den

muc no xuat hi~n trong bat ke ngon

ng~ nao. .

TUYEN TRUYEN

Quang caoctia chinh phil nharn thong

tin o~c truyen ba, pM bien m tu6ng

tm cong chUng duQ'c gQi la tuyen

tru ~n. Vi dl,l, tam pano co d(Jng nay

nMm khuyen khi ch nhan dan Trung

Quac lam vi vi rn¢t xa h¢i tuoi d~p

han. NhUng chien dt ch tuyen truyen

khac thi thuyet phl,lc mQi ngum bo

thuoc l;i hay lii xe an toan , v.v...

I--- - --- Xem th~m------1

CUAHANG vA VJP..cMCA SM! j 9JI

TRu v t:N II lNH VA VlDE06

THUONG MAl VAC6N G NGll!tP 675

AFRICA

CHAUPHI

HrEM CO NOT NAo TREN n-rE GIOr da dang rum chau Phi .

Day la chau luc rQng 16n bao gam 53 quoc gia dQc lap vrri

s6 dan dong due va nhieu nen van hoa co xua. Chau Phi

con co nhung day mii, thung lUng, tha o nguyen va dam

lay rQng 16n rna kh6ng noi nao co duoc. Vung bo bien

phia bk gUu co , mau mo nam ngay tren sa mac Sahara

kho can. Phia nam Sahara la rung rmra nhiet dci ram r?op .

Phan 16n phia nam va phia dong chau Phi iii cac xavan, IDQt

dang dong bing kho co cay to va cay bui IDQe rai rae. Cac quae Chau PhI co hinh d,mg

kh a gi6n g voi hinh gia 6' chau Phi nhin chung la nhUng mroc ngheo ID du co tam gi.:ic. DiJ,i 1.1.Y

nguon tai nguyen doi dao, nhu la Nigeri a. Nhieu chinh phu DUO'Ilg narn6" ph ia ray TRU6NGHQC va An D¢ DUO'Ilg narn Truon g h9C & cac thanh pho khong on dinh . Noi loan, noi chi en xay ra thuong xuyen. & phia doug cua cM II va thi tran cua chau Phi Chau Phi co it thanh pho 16n va hau het nam 6' sat bien. luc nay. Cha u Phi b] ciing gion g nhir truong h9C chia cit voi chau Au & acac not khac rren thegi&i. Phan con Iai cua chau Iuc na y la cac vimg n ang th an, dan phia tay hie boi val Tuy nhien, nhi eu h9Csin h cir thea loi song truyen thong. Womer duong bien. phai eli bo ha ng kilornet de

den truOng.

Toe nguOiMasal cao Ian cua

Kenya chan gla suc tren T6c nguO! Tuareg song 0- cac thao nguyen Sahara la nhCtng nguO! r¢ng JOO. chuyen e/Jan nu6i gia suc.

CON NGU61

6 vim g nong thon chau Phi,

ngum. dan thuemg song trong cac ng oi

lang. Mot so toe ngum., nhir toe Kikuyu 6-

Dong Phi, eo to tien la cac bo coc da song a

d a y trang nhieu the kyoMot so dan toe khac

lil nhimg nguOi d.i eu ru noi khac cua chau

Phi hoac tir cac chau Iuc khac den . 8uemg bien gi&i. giua cac quae gia

kh ong anh huang gi den nhUng nen van hoa da d;,mg nay . Trang mot

tee ngW! Pygmy chi

quoc gia eo the co toi hon mum. nhom bo toe sinh song rna nhirng ngum. cao khoang 1,5 m th uoc mot nen van hoa cling eo the song ahai mroc khac nhau , song arimg mua I nhfet I10i ram rap cua

__ NhiJng ngl)n !hapeuathanh Congo.

__------- 1111ang H6i gNio sung sung

trenbau frO! Cairo. TQc ngllCn Bushmen

song trencac sa

mac cuaNam Phi va

tim kiem !h&can tll

nhientrang l1i~u i~n

mai wang khac

ngiliei.

KIUMANJARO

Day nw cao va nh at cha u Phi Iii

"'
day Kilimanjaro & Tan zania . Din h

cao nb at cao rm 5.895 m va la m(H

mii hia khong can ~t d¢ng .

diJ day nui nay chi each dUOng Xich

dao vai blomet nln mg uinh mii luon

c,')ban g myel baa phu. C6 m¢t co n

uUOng m an dan len dinh mii va. ma l

3 nga y d uimg de len tm dil111 khi cii

ru can d UOng xe cl~ gan nllat.

Nhi n gu m sinh so ng & eac su On

fi lii thap , tr6ng cay ill qua nhi¢t dO'i.

14