Application of theories of the policy process in research on consumption of sustainable diets: A

Green et al. BMC Public Health (2022) 22:1335

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13717-5

RESEARCH

Application of theories of the policy process

in research on consumption of sustainable diets:

a systematic review

Celia Green1*, Gemma Carey1 and Andrew Joyce2

Abstract

Background: There is a signifcant global lack of policy action on consumption of sustainable diets. Application of

political science theories such as theories of the policy process can help in understanding policy inaction. Applying

these theories could provide a more in-depth understanding of how various infuences on the policy process shape

decision making for consumption of sustainable diet policy.

Methods: A systematic review to examine application of eight key political science theories of the policy process to

research on consumption of sustainable diets was conducted.

Results: The review identifed no papers applying a theory of the policy process although 17 papers did mention or

discuss infuences on the policy process that are common elements within theories of the policy process. Most nota￾bly these elements were the infuence of coalitions/networks, evidence use, narratives and framing, institutional and

political system factors, and the importance of value and belief systems and socio-cultural norms. However, in most

papers these infuences were not examined in a detailed or in-depth way and often presented as suggestions for lack

of policy action without the support of empirical data or application of any theory.

Conclusions: Most research discussing policy inaction on the consumption of sustainable diets fails to utilise politi￾cal science theories of the policy process, although a small number of papers include mention of or discussion of

infuences on the policy process. Application of political science theories could provide a more in-depth understand￾ing of how diferent determinants might shape decision making at various points in the policy process. This could

help identify key reasons for policy inaction on the consumption of sustainable diets and suggest possible ways to

increase attention and action on the issue from policy decision makers.

Keywords: Sustainable diets, Policy, Policy process, Policy theory

© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which

permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the

original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or

other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line

to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory

regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this

licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativeco

mmons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

Background

Policy on consumption of sustainable diets

A systematic review of the environmental and health

impacts of dietary change in high-income countries

concludes there are clear environmental benefts to

modifying current dietary practices towards more sus￾tainable choices, and that environmental benefts are

largely proportional to the extent by which meat and

dairy consumption can be reduced [1]. However, it is

clear policy change to infuence public behaviour towards

consuming more sustainable diets faces signifcant

policy resistance (see for example: [2–8]). Porritt  [9] is

not exaggerating when he notes, “Policy makers’ atten￾tion to...meat eating is as close to zero as it is possible

to get”  (p.386). Lang et  al.  [6] and Westhoek et  al. [10] 

Open Access

*Correspondence: [email protected]

1

Centre for Social Impact, University of New South Wales, 704, Level 7,

Science Engineering Building, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

Full list of author information is available at the end of the article