Airport Planning & Management pdf

Airport

Planning &

Management

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Airport

Planning &

Management

5th Edition

Alexander T. Wells, Ed.D.

Seth B. Young, Ph.D.

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DOI: 10.1036/0071436065

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Contents

Acknowledgments xi

Preface xiii

Part I: Airports and airport systems 1

1 Airports and airport systems: An introduction 3

Introduction 4

Airport management on an international level 10

The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems—The Nation’s

Airport System Plan 11

The rules that govern airport management 19

Organizations that influence airport regulatory policies 22

Concluding remarks 25

2 Airports and airport systems: Organization

and administration 29

Introduction 30

Airport ownership and operation 30

The airport organization chart 34

Airport management as a career 43

The airport manager and public relations 46

Concluding remarks 50

3 Airports and airport systems:

A historical and legislative perspective 53

Introduction 54

The formative period of aviation and airports: 1903–1938 55

Airport growth: World War II and the postwar period 60

Airport modernization: The early jet age 63

Airport legislation after airline deregulation 73

Airports in the twenty-first century: From peacetime prosperity

to terror insecurity 83

Concluding remarks 92

v

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Part II: The components of the airport 97

4 The airfield 99

The components of an airport 100

The airfield 102

Navigational aids (NAVAIDS) located on airfields 136

Air traffic control and surveillance facilities located on the airfield 143

Weather reporting facilities located on airfields 145

Security infrastructure on airfields 148

Concluding remarks 148

5 Airspace and air traffic control 153

Introduction 154

Brief history of air traffic control 154

The present-day air traffic control management and operating

infrastructure 158

The basics of air traffic control 160

Current and future enhancements to air traffic control 167

Concluding remarks 189

6 Airport terminals and ground access 193

Introduction 194

The historical development of airport terminals 195

Components of the airport terminal 209

Airport ground access 228

Concluding remarks 243

Part III: Airport operations and

financial management 249

7 Airport operations management under

FAR Part 139 251

Introduction 252

Pavement management 253

Aircraft rescue and fire fighting (ARFF) 259

Snow and ice control 264

Safety inspection programs 270

Bird and wildlife hazard management 273

Concluding remarks 275

vi Contents

8 Airport security 279

Introduction 280

History of airport security 280

The Transportation Security Administration 285

Security at commercial service airports 288

Security at general aviation airports 299

The future of airport security 303

Concluding remarks 304

9 Airport financial management 309

Introduction 311

Airport financial accounting 311

Revenue strategies at commercial airports 318

Pricing of airport facilities and services 322

Variation in the sources of operating revenues 326

Rise in airport financial burdens 327

Airport funding 328

Grant programs 328

Airport financing 334

Private investment 340

Sale of the airport 342

Concluding remarks 342

Part IV: Airport public administration

and planning 345

10 The economic, political, and social role

of airports 347

Introduction 348

The economic role of airports 348

Political roles 350

Environmental impacts of airports 354

Concluding remarks 361

11 Airport planning 365

Introduction 367

Airport system planning 368

The airport master plan 373

The airport layout plan 378

Forecasting 380

Contents vii

Facilities requirements 387

Design alternatives 389

Financial plans 400

Land use planning 404

Environmental planning 406

Concluding remarks 408

12 Airport capacity and delay 413

Introduction 414

Defining capacity 415

Factors affecting capacity and delay 417

Estimating capacity 421

Illustrating capacity with a time-space diagram 423

FAA approximation charts 426

Simulation models 428

Defining delay 430

Estimating delay 432

Analytical estimates of delay: The queueing diagram 433

Other measures of delay 435

Approaches to reducing delay 436

Administrative and demand management 438

Concluding remarks 450

13 The future of airport management 461

Introduction 461

Restructuring of commercial air carriers 462

New large aircraft 462

Small aircraft transportation systems 464

Concluding remarks 467

Code of Federal Regulations: 14 CFR—Aeronautics

Code of Federal Regulations: 49 CFR—1500 Series:

viii Contents

Federal Aviation Administration 150 Series

and Space, Parts 1 through 199 469

Transportation Security Regulations 473

Advisory Circulars 475

Glossary 501

Index 549

Contents ix

Phonetic alphabet 493

Abbreviations 495

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Acknowledgments

I am sincerely appreciative of the many public and private institutions that

have provided resource material from which I was able to shape this text. In

this regard, I am particularly indebted to the Federal Aviation Administration

for their numerous publications.

Faculty and students at University Aviation Association institutions who have

reviewed material in the previous four editions have significantly shaped this

book. To them I owe a special thanks because they represent the true con￾stituency of any textbook author.

I am also indebted to many practicing airport planners and managers for their

ideas and to the American Association of Airport Executives (AAAE) who

adopted this book in their certification program for a number of years before

developing their own material.

Finally, I must thank my wife, Mary, for considerable patience and encourage￾ment throughout the process.

Alex Wells

It is not often that a “young” professor is as lucky to have the opportunity to

work so closely with academic and industry leaders as I have. The experi￾ences and education that I have gained from my professional relationships

with Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, the American Association of Air￾port Executives, the University of California at Berkeley, Leigh Fisher Associ￾ates, the Federal Aviation Administration, and airport managers throughout the

United States have been truly remarkable. My sincere thanks go out to all of

my airport and aviation industry partners. Special thanks, of course, to Dr.

Alex Wells, who honored me with the opportunity to co-author the latest edi￾tion of this worthy text. I hope that the material found within our text is aptly

able to communicate the great body of information I’ve gained from their

valuable sources of knowledge.

xi

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As an associate professor within Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University’s College

of Business, I’ve learned equally as much from our institution’s remarkable stu￾dents as I hope they have from my instruction. This text goes out to them, and

all students interested in the professions associated with airport planning

and management. They are indeed the future of this exciting industry.

Finally, most special thanks to my friends and family, especially my parents,

Rosalie and Dennis Young, whose emphasis on the importance of education

has penned an indelible mark on my personal and professional life.

Seth Young

xii Acknowledgments

Preface

In 1986, the first edition of Airport Planning & Management pioneered an inno￾vative structure for a basic airport principles course designed for several similar,

yet distinct, markets: the college student enrolled in an aviation program, as well

as someone in the field of airport management or operations who is seeking fur￾ther education. Since that time, four editions of the text were published, each

edition reflecting updates that have occurred in the constantly evolving aviation

industry. The response of both professors and students over the years has been

gratifying. Airport Planning & Management and its accompanying test bank have

been more widely used than any other teaching material for an airport course.

In the seventeen years since the first edition of this text was published, the

world of civil aviation, including airport management, has witnessed tremen￾dous changes in technology, structure, and political environments. The airline

industry adjusted to major regulatory change, experienced economic woes, ex￾perienced record economic prosperity, and most recently has begun to adjust to

an entirely new economic and political environment. Similarly, general aviation

has witnessed a rebirth in activity and technological developments. In addition,

the world of airport management has continued to evolve into more of a scien￾tific discipline, applying theories of operations, economics, finance, and public

administration to adapt to ever-changing environments.

An important change has been the addition of a co-author, Dr. Seth Young,

whom I have had the pleasure of working with for the past five years as a fel￾low professor at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. Dr. Young has a Ph.D.

in civil and environmental engineering/transportation from the University of

California, Berkeley, is an accredited certified member of the American Associ￾ation of Airport Executives, and is a certified instrument-rated FAA private pilot.

Prior to his career at Embry-Riddle, Dr. Young was an airport management con￾sultant, participating on airport planning projects throughout the United States.

Dr. Young’s expertise in the area of airport planning, operations, and manage￾ment brings a new dimension to this book.

We have made our best attempt to bring the fifth edition of Airport Planning &

Management to a new standard of quality as a resource for current and future

airport managers. We have worked hard to enhance the best and proven elements

xiii

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