Xử lý kỵ khí chất thải lò giết mổ tạo khí hydro

Nghien ciiu - Trao doi

^Xuf ly ky khi chat thai Id giet mo

tao khi hydro

O HOANG THj VUI, NGUYI N THj THAM, BUI THj VI^T HA

Trudng Dai hgc Khoa hgc Tti nhien, Dai hgc Qudc gia Hi Ndi

HUYNH THj LAN Hl/ONG, 00 TIEN ANH

Vien Khoa hgc Khi tugng Thdy van vi Bidn ddi khi hau

PHAM HAI BANG

Vin phdng Dang dy, Bd Tii nguyin vi Mdi trudng

C

fiai thai ran tU Id giit mo

lpn Thanh Tri, Ha Npi

dupc sddung nhungudn

ca chai cho san xuai hydro sinh

hgc va tien xdly bang nhiit lam

bit hoat cac vl sinh vit sinh

metan cung nhu dd qua trinh

phan giai, tao cac chai hoi tan

lam ngudn ca chdt cho qua trinh

lin men hydro. Qua trinh xd ly

dupe thue hiin d hai giai doan:

Tidn xdly hieu khid55°C vdi ihdi

cac khoang khac nhau, sau dd

cic chat dupc sd dung lim cd

chaicho sulin men ky khi d glai

doan tiip theo. Thdi gian tien xtf

ly tdi uu nhai tai thdl diem 48 h

dat hiiu suat hydro cao nhat la

131,8 mL H^g TS vdi tdc dd san

xuat hydro 2,6 mL H^Uh. Viec

san xuat hydro sau khi tien xdly

48 h (131,8 mL H^g TS) cao hdn

so vdf chua xdly (8,73 mL Hj/g

TS), gip khoang 15 Idn. Vdf qui

trinh len men niy, gia trj tCOD

trong bun thai Id gidt mdcd the

dupc giam din 51,84% so vdi

ban diu irong vdng 84 gid.

Gidi thieu

Hydro dupe eoi la mdt ngudn

ndng lupng ttiay the day hfla hen,

tiidn thien vdi mdi tnidng so vdi d c

nhien lieu hod thach. Hydro d cd

kha ndng tao ra nguon ndng lupng

cao 122 kJ/g, Idn hdn nhien lieu

hydrocarbon 2,75 lan. Hydro d Ihl

dupc san xual tfl qua Irinh hoa hpc

vd smh hpc. Hydro sinh hpc cd Ihl

dupc sin xuat bang phUdng phap

quang hpp va len men ttong do cd

nhieu mdi frrfdng ttian tiiien va it

ton kem nang lupng so vdi d c qua

trinh hda hpe. Cae cd chat dflng

eho san xual hydro sinh hpc cd thi

nam trong khoang trf drfdng ddn

nhu glucose; sucrose; tinh bpt cd

chite chat thai' nhrf nrfdc thai san;

drf Irfpng tinh bpt khoai lang; cellu￾lose ehfla cha't thai nhu tinh thi cel￾lulose, ba mia; vd chat thai thye

pham nhu ba thai dfla. Mdt sd

nghien eflu khi sfl dung mpt sfl

dung bun hoat tinh lam vat lieu sinh

hpc dl san xuat ndng lupng tai tao

tflc la ndng lupng hydro va metan

trong qud trinh len men yem khf.

Qua trinh phdn huy ky khf ttiudng

bao gom 4 giai doan: Giai doan

thfly phan, giai doan sinh acid, giai

doan sinh aceton va va giai doan

sinh khi sinh hpc (metan, hydro va

CO2. Nhieu ky thudt tien xfl ly da

dugc phdt trien d l d i thien qua

trinh thfly phdn va pha vd d c le

bao vi sinh vat trong bun vdi hy

vpng tang san lupng hydro va nil

ngan thdi gian luu. Cae nghien cflu

tmdc day bao gdm lien xfl ly kiem,

axit hda, khfl ttdng, sieu am, xfl ly

bang Id vi sdng, hay xfl ly bang

enzyme da dupc thyc hien. Nhflng

deh nay deu cho hidu suat sinh

hydro 1^0 hdn, vf du, liln xfl ly so

bp bun d i thien san lupng hydro

1,48 mg H2/gchal ran khd so vdi

0,81 mg H2/g chat ran khd khi biJn

thai drfpc sfl dung nhU cd chat cho

qua trinh len men kj khf.

Gan day, Sureewan va cpng

sy da nghien eflu qua trinh lien xfliy

bang nhiet va eho kit qua kha

quan, tdng san lupng tao hydro so

vdi mpt so eac phUPng phap Wide.

Qud trinh ndy gdm hai glai doan:

glai doan diu bfln trong Id phan

flhg hieu khf b nhiet dp 55"^, dilu

nay dan den sy hinh thanh dc chit

hflu ed hoa tan va d e axit beo dl

bay hdi b nong dp eao thdng qua sy

frao dli chd't Idn men cfla vi khuin

i ^ nhiet Trong glai doan thfl hai,

san phim cfla qua tiinh mdt tiep tuc

dupc sfl dijng nhU nguon cd dat di

san xuat khf sinh hpe. Bfln ttial

dupe xfl ly sd bp tii nhflng budc dau

lien d till d l ttiien hieu suat da

qua ttinh phan giii W khfvd lam loan

bat hoat tac nhdn gdy benh.

Tuy nhien, d c thdng ttn ve

lien xfl ly bun hai giai doan cho san

xud't hydro sinh hpc bang deh len

men ky khi cd b l sung bDn hoat

tinh vln cdn chua drfpc nghien eflu

ky ludng. Trong bai bdo nay, chflng

tdi dua ra mdt sd kel qua nghidn

cflu ve khi ndng sin xuat hydro tfl

18 Tdi nguy§n vd Mdi trudng | Ky 2-Thing 11/2015