Xã hội việt nam thế kỷ xvi - xviii và qua quan hệ giao lưu gốm sứ việt - nhật.

XA HOI VIET NAM THE KY XVI - XVIIl

VA QUAN HE GIAO LOU GOM SUT VIET - NHAT

NGUYEN VAN KIM'

L Boi canh chinh tri, kinh te - xa hoi

Trong tidn trinh hinh thanh va phat trian

ciia dan tdc Viet Nam khdng it nha nghien

ciru eho rang da cd nhiing thdi dai huy

hoang, gan lien vdi ndn quan chu thinh trj.

Cae nha sir hge, nghien ciru van hge. van

hda hge, ljch sii kinh te, tridt hgc v.v... tirng

cd nhieu cdng trinh khao ciru cdng phu ve

cac trilu dai Ly (1010-1225), TrIn (1226-

1400), La sa (1428-1527)(1)... Ciing vdi

nhtrng thanh tuu rue ra ve xa hdi, kinh td va

van hda, day cdn duge coi la eac '"Thai dgi

anh hung"" bdi nhung chidn cdng vang ddi

trong Ciic cugc khang chien chdng Tdng

(980-981, 1075-1077), 3 lin khang chiln

chdng Mdng - Nguydn (1258, 1285, 1287-

1288) va khang chian chdng Minh (1406-

1427). Dd la mdt each nhin, mdt each tidp

can cd phan "kinh didn" ve ljch sir Viet

Nam.

Vi nhiau nguyan nhan, trong sudt mdl

thdi gian dai, Ijch sir khang chidn chdng

ngoai xam cung nhu Ijeh sir chfnh trj, sir

hinh thanh, phat tridn eua cac nha nudc sa

khai... da duge uu tian khao eiru. Cac cdng

trinh do khdng chi lam sang td mgt trong

nhtrng dac tfnh tieu biau cua ljch sir Viet

Nam ma cdn tao ndn ddng lire va nidm tin

manh me cho cugc dau tranh giai phdng dan

• Pho giao su, Ti(§n sT, Truong dai hpc Khoa hpc X3 hpi &

Nhan vSn, Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi

tdc. Nhung eQng chinh vi the ma mdt sd ITnh

vuc nghidn eiru cdn cd sir khuyet vang ddng

thdi khdng khdi cd nhirng nhan thirc sai lech

nhat djnh. Ro rang, cac bidn cd chinh trj, su

thang tram cua cac tridu dai cung nhu truyen

thdng khang chien chdng ngoai xam la dac

tinh tidu biau, niam tu hao dan tdc... nhung

dd khdng Ihd la toan bd ljch sir Viet Nam(2).

Nau coi la Ijch sir la mdt ddng chay mang

tfnh lidn tue vdi bdn dac trung ca ban:

truyen noi, kit tu, hda bien va lan toa thi

mdi thdi ky ddu cd vai trd, sir menh riang

biet ciia nd. Trong y nghTa dd, ciing nhu Ijch

sir cua cac dan tdc khae trong edng ddng the

gidi. ciing vdi cae su bidn chfnh trj, lich sir

Viet Nam cdn la Ijeh sir eua mdt qudc gia

hgp chinh. Do vay, nd phai bao gdm cac

boat ddng kinh te; qua trinh hinh thanh, phat

tridn cua cac giai cap, dang cap; su xae lap,

tai thiat cac mdi quan he, eau triie xa hdi;

ljch sir cua qua trinh giao thoa, hgp luyen.

sang tao van hda, hinh thanh cac khuynh

hudng tu tudng; lich sii eua cac mdi quan he

bang giao, ddi dau va hgp tac... Dd la mdt

each tidp can tdng thd, da dien, da chieu da

va dang dat ra ddi vdi cac nha nghian cuu

hien nay.

Thuc ta ljch sii cho thay, giira cdc sir bien

chinh trj sdi dgng va nhtrng ITnh vuc dugc

coi nhu nhiing "cau true chim" cua xa hgi,

tudng nhu ed phan it bidn doi va mdi lien he

32 NGHIEN cau OONG BflC fl. SO 7(101) 7-2009