Visual C++ and MFC Fundamentals programming phần 1 pps

Visual C++ and MFC Fundamentals Table of Contents

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Visual C++ and MFC

Programming

Table of Contents Visual C++ and MFC Fundamentals

2 © FunctionX, Inc.

Visual C++ and MFC Fundamentals Table of Contents

© FunctionX, Inc. 3

Table of Contents

TABLE OF FIGURES ...............................................................................................13

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO MICROSOFT VISUAL C++...........15

1.1 The Microsoft Visual C++ Environment.....................................................16

1.1.1 Introduction..............................................................................................16

1.1.2 The Integrated Development Environment ........................................17

1.1.3 The Title Bar............................................................................................17

1.1.4 The Main Menu.......................................................................................18

1.1.5 The Toolbars............................................................................................21

1.1.6 The Studio Windows..............................................................................23

1.2 Floatable and Dockable Windows................................................................26

1.2.1 Description...............................................................................................26

1.3 Visual C++ Projects and Files.......................................................................27

1.3.1 Creating a New Project ..........................................................................27

1.3.2 Creating Files...........................................................................................28

1.3.3 Adding Existing Files to a Project .......................................................29

1.3.4 Adding Classes........................................................................................30

1.3.5 Opening Files...........................................................................................31

1.3.6 Opening Existing Projects.....................................................................33

1.4 Getting Help .....................................................................................................34

1.4.1 Online Help ..............................................................................................34

1.4.2 Other Help Types....................................................................................35

CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION TO MFC .......................................................37

2.1 The Microsoft Foundation Class Library ....................................................38

2.1.1 Introduction..............................................................................................38

2.1.2 CObject, the Ancestor............................................................................38

2.1.3 The Basic Application............................................................................39

2.2 Frames Fundamentals .....................................................................................42

2.2.1 Introduction..............................................................................................43

2.2.2 Reference to the Main Window............................................................44

2.2.3 Introduction to Macros...........................................................................47

2.2.4 Windows Styles.......................................................................................48

2.2.5 Windows Location..................................................................................51

2.2.6 Windows Size ..........................................................................................53

2.2.7 Windows Dimensions............................................................................54

2.2.8 Windows Parents....................................................................................57

2.3 Message Boxes.................................................................................................58

2.3.1 Definition .................................................................................................58

2.3.2 Message Box Creation ...........................................................................59

2.3.3 Message Box Implementation ..............................................................59

2.3.4 The Box’ Message..................................................................................60

2.3.5 The Message’ Title .................................................................................62

2.3.6 Message Box Options............................................................................63

2.3.7 The Message’s Return Value................................................................66

CHAPTER 3: WINDOWS RESOURCES ..........................................................69

Table of Contents Visual C++ and MFC Fundamentals

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3.1 Introduction to Resources..............................................................................70

3.1.1 Introduction..............................................................................................70

3.1.2 Converting a Resource Identifier.........................................................71

3.2 Icons...................................................................................................................73

3.2.1 Icons Overview .......................................................................................73

3.2.2 Icons Design............................................................................................74

3.3 Menu Fundamentals........................................................................................80

3.3.1 Overview..................................................................................................80

3.3.2 The Main Menu.......................................................................................80

3.3.3 Main Menu Design.................................................................................81

3.4 Toolbars.............................................................................................................85

3.4.1 Overview..................................................................................................85

3.4.2 Creating a Toolbar..................................................................................85

3.5 Accelerators......................................................................................................85

3.5.1 Access Keys.............................................................................................86

3.5.2 Shortcuts...................................................................................................86

3.5.3 Accelerator Table ....................................................................................87

3.6 Version Information........................................................................................88

3.6.1 Overview..................................................................................................88

3.6.2 The Version Information Editor...........................................................88

3.7 Cursors ..............................................................................................................89

3.7.1 Overview..................................................................................................89

3.7.2 Creating and Using Cursors..................................................................90

3.8 The String Table ..............................................................................................92

3.8.1 Description...............................................................................................92

3.8.2 Creating and Using a String Table .......................................................92

3.9 Other Techniques of Creating Windows.....................................................94

3.9.1 Window Registration and Standard Resources..................................94

3.9.2 Window Registration and Custom Resources....................................95

3.9.3 Frame Loading ........................................................................................97

CHAPTER 4: MESSAGES AND EVENTS ......................................................101

4.1 Introduction to Messages ............................................................................ 102

4.1.1 Overview............................................................................................... 102

4.1.2 A Map of Messages............................................................................. 102

4.2 Windows Messages...................................................................................... 104

4.2.1 Window Creation................................................................................. 105

4.2.2 Window's Showing State.................................................................... 106

4.2.3 Window Activation ............................................................................. 108

4.2.4 Window Painting ................................................................................. 112

4.2.5 Window Sizing..................................................................................... 114

4.2.6 Window Moving.................................................................................. 116

4.2.7 Window Destruction ........................................................................... 119

4.3 Command Messages .................................................................................... 119

4.3.1 Definition .............................................................................................. 120

4.3.2 Creating a Command Message.......................................................... 120

4.4 Keyboard Messages ..................................................................................... 120

4.4.1 Introduction........................................................................................... 120

4.4.2 The Key Down Effect ......................................................................... 122

4.4.3 The Key Up Effect............................................................................... 124

4.5 Mouse Messages........................................................................................... 124

4.5.1 Introduction........................................................................................... 124

4.5.2 Mouse-Down Messages...................................................................... 124

4.5.3 The Mouse-Up Messages ................................................................... 127

4.5.4 The Double-Click Message................................................................ 129

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4.5.5 Mouse Moving..................................................................................... 130

4.6 Anytime Messages ....................................................................................... 130

4.6.1 Introduction........................................................................................... 130

4.6.2 Sending Messages................................................................................ 131

CHAPTER 5: THE DOCUMENT/VIEW ARCHITECTURE....................133

5.1 Overview of the Document/View Architecture....................................... 134

5.1.1 Introduction........................................................................................... 134

5.1.2 The View............................................................................................... 134

5.1.3 The Document ...................................................................................... 134

5.1.4 The Frame ............................................................................................. 134

5.1.5 The Document/View Approach......................................................... 135

5.2 The Single Document Interface (SDI)...................................................... 136

5.2.1 Overview............................................................................................... 136

5.2.2 Creating a Single Document Interface ............................................. 137

5.3 SDI Improvements ....................................................................................... 143

5.3.1 SDI Improvements: The Application ............................................... 143

5.3.2 SDI Improvements: The Document.................................................. 146

5.3.3 SDI Improvements: The Frame ......................................................... 150

5.3.4 SDI Improvements: The View........................................................... 151

5.4 The Multiple Document Interface (MDI)................................................. 151

5.4.1 Overview............................................................................................... 151

5.4.2 Creating a Multiple Document Interface ......................................... 154

5.4.3 The Visual C++ AppWizard .............................................................. 157

5.5 The AppWizard............................................................................................. 157

5.5.1 An SDI With AppWizard ................................................................... 158

5.5.2 An MDI With AppWizard .................................................................. 161

CHAPTER 6: THE GRAPHICAL DEVICE INTERFACE........................163

6.1 Introduction to the GDI ............................................................................... 164

6.1.1 The Device Context ............................................................................. 164

6.1.2 Grabbing the Device Context ............................................................ 164

6.2 The Process of Drawing .............................................................................. 165

6.2.1 Getting a Device Context ................................................................... 165

6.2.2 Starting a Device Context's Shape.................................................... 165

6.3 GDI Lines and Shapes ................................................................................. 167

6.3.1 Lines....................................................................................................... 167

6.3.2 Polylines................................................................................................ 170

6.3.3 Multiple Polylines................................................................................ 173

6.3.4 Polygons................................................................................................ 175

6.3.5 Multiple Polygons................................................................................ 176

6.3.6 Rectangles and Squares...................................................................... 177

6.3.7 A Rectangle With Edges..................................................................... 179

6.3.8 Ellipses and Circles ............................................................................. 180

6.3.9 Round Rectangles and Round Squares............................................ 183

6.3.10 ..Pies......................................................................................................... 184

6.3.11 ..Arcs........................................................................................................ 185

6.3.12 ..The Arc's Direction ............................................................................. 187

6.3.13 ..Angular Arcs........................................................................................ 190

6.3.14 ..Chords................................................................................................... 191

6.3.15 ..Bézier Curves....................................................................................... 192

CHAPTER 7: GDI ACCESSORIES AND TOOLS .......................................197

7.1 Colors ............................................................................................................. 198

Table of Contents Visual C++ and MFC Fundamentals

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7.1.1 Overview............................................................................................... 198

7.1.2 The Color as a Data Type................................................................... 199

7.1.3 Color Palettes........................................................................................ 200

7.2 Drawing With Colors................................................................................... 201

7.2.1 Coloring a Pixel.................................................................................... 201

7.2.2 Rectangles With 3-D Effect ............................................................... 201

7.2.3 Drawing Text ........................................................................................ 202

7.3 Bitmaps........................................................................................................... 205

7.3.1 Introduction........................................................................................... 205

7.3.2 Bitmap Creation ................................................................................... 206

7.4 Fonts............................................................................................................... 209

7.4.1 Introduction........................................................................................... 209

7.4.2 Font Selection....................................................................................... 209

7.4.3 Font Creation ........................................................................................ 209

7.4.4 Font Retrieval....................................................................................... 215

7.5 Pens................................................................................................................. 216

7.5.1 Introduction........................................................................................... 216

7.5.2 The Fundamentals of a Pen ................................................................ 216

7.5.3 Creating and Selecting a Pen ............................................................. 216

7.5.4 Retrieving a Pen ................................................................................... 220

7.6 Brushes........................................................................................................... 220

7.6.1 Introduction........................................................................................... 220

7.6.2 Solid Brushes........................................................................................ 221

7.6.3 Hatched Brushes.................................................................................. 225

7.6.4 Patterned Brushes................................................................................ 227

7.6.5 Logical Brushes.................................................................................... 229

CHAPTER 8: GDI ORIENTATION AND TRANSFORMATIONS ........231

8.1 The Default Coordinate System................................................................. 232

8.1.1 Introduction........................................................................................... 232

8.1.2 Changing the Coordinate System...................................................... 234

8.2 The Mapping Modes.................................................................................... 238

8.2.1 Mapping Mode Choices...................................................................... 238

8.2.2 Unit and Coordinate Systems Options............................................. 243

CHAPTER 9: STRINGS .........................................................................................249

9.1 Fundamentals of Strings.............................................................................. 250

9.1.1 Null-Terminated Strings..................................................................... 250

9.1.2 The Standard string Class................................................................... 251

9.1.3 The Length of a String ........................................................................ 252

9.1.4 String Formatting................................................................................. 253

9.2 Operations of Strings................................................................................... 255

9.2.1 String Copy........................................................................................... 255

9.2.2 String Concatenation........................................................................... 257

9.3 The Characters of a String .......................................................................... 259

9.3.1 Access to Characters ........................................................................... 259

9.3.2 Sub-Strings............................................................................................ 260

9.4 The CString Class......................................................................................... 260

9.4.1 Introduction........................................................................................... 260

9.4.2 String Initialization.............................................................................. 261

9.4.3 The String and its Length................................................................... 261

9.5 Working with Individual Characters......................................................... 263

9.5.1 Character Indexing .............................................................................. 263

9.5.2 Character Insertion .............................................................................. 264

9.5.3 Finding a Character............................................................................. 264

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9.5.4 Character Identification ...................................................................... 265

9.5.5 Removing Characters.......................................................................... 265

9.6 Sub Strings..................................................................................................... 266

9.6.1 Introduction........................................................................................... 266

9.6.2 Finding a Sub String............................................................................ 267

9.6.3 Character and String Removal........................................................... 268

9.6.4 Replacing String Occurrences ........................................................... 268

9.6.5 String Formatting................................................................................. 269

9.7 Operations on Strings................................................................................... 270

9.7.1 About Constructing a String .............................................................. 270

9.7.2 String Assignment ............................................................................... 270

9.7.3 String Copy........................................................................................... 271

9.7.4 Strings and Their Cases...................................................................... 271

9.8 String Comparisons...................................................................................... 272

9.8.1 Case Sensitivity.................................................................................... 272

9.8.2 Case Insensitivity................................................................................. 273

CHAPTER 10: CHARACTERISTICS OF A WINDOW'S FRAME........277

10.1 Introduction to Win32 Library .................................................................. 278

10.1.1 ..Overview............................................................................................... 278

10.1.2 ..The Framework.................................................................................... 279

10.1.3 ..A Window's Instance.......................................................................... 280

10.1.4 ..The Command Line............................................................................. 281

10.1.5 ..Frame Display Options....................................................................... 282

10.1.6 ..Window Class Initialization .............................................................. 282

10.1.7 ..Window Registration .......................................................................... 291

10.2 Window Creation......................................................................................... 292

10.2.1 ..The Main Window .............................................................................. 292

10.2.2 ..The Window Class Name................................................................... 294

10.2.3 ..The Window Name ............................................................................. 296

10.2.4 ..Windows Styles................................................................................... 297

10.2.5 ..Window's Location and Size ............................................................. 298

10.2.6 ..Window's Parenting ............................................................................ 305

10.2.7 ..The Window's Menu........................................................................... 306

10.2.8 ..Window Display.................................................................................. 309

10.2.9 ..Considering Window's Messages ..................................................... 310

10.3 The Mini Frame Window........................................................................... 314

10.3.1 ..Introduction.......................................................................................... 314

10.3.2 ..Creation of a Miniframe Window..................................................... 314

CHAPTER 11: INTRODUCTION TO WINDOWS CONTROLS ............317

11.1 Controls Fundamentals ............................................................................... 318

11.1.1 ..Introduction.......................................................................................... 318

11.1.2 ..The Parent-Child Window Relationship.......................................... 320

11.2 Parent Controls............................................................................................. 321

11.2.1 ..Definition .............................................................................................. 321

11.2.2 ..Parent Windows Styles....................................................................... 321

11.3 Windows Controls....................................................................................... 321

11.3.1 ..Introduction.......................................................................................... 322

11.3.2 ..Control Creation Options................................................................... 322

11.3.3 ..The Control's Class Name .................................................................. 325

11.3.4 ..The Control's Window Name ............................................................ 327

11.4 Controls Styles and Common Properties................................................. 327

11.4.1 ..Childhood.............................................................................................. 327

11.4.2 ..Visibility................................................................................................ 328