Việt Nam vượt qua bốn cuộc khủng hoảng

J e t Nam virdt qua tin cppc Uuni II

35 nam da qua, tinh tCf ngay mien Nam hodn todn

phong, thong nhd't ddt nadc, Viet Nam dd phdi d5i

vd kien cudng vaot qua bd'n cupc khung hodng idn^

MiJMH NC

W hii nhdt, cupc khiing

hoang kinh te- xa hpi tilm

an tir cudi nhung nam 70,

dau nhiing nam 80, biing phat vao

giua va cudi nhiing nam 80 cua

the ky trudc. Cupc khung hoang

nay bdt nguon tit nhiing khd khan

sau chien tranh, tu nhirng han che,

ba't cap cua viec keo dai co che ke

hoach hoa tap trung quan lieu va

chi dp bao cap, tit hau qua cua

nhiing sai lam vl chinh sach gia -

luong - tiln, cpng hudng vdi

nhung kho khan qudc te (nhu sy

bao vay ca'm van ciia My ddi vdi

Viet Nam, sy sup dd cua Chu

nghTa xa hpi d Lien Xo (cii) va

Dong Au, gay ra sy hut hlng vl

vdn dau tu, vl thi trudng hang

hda, thi trudng xuat khdu lao

dpng). Hau qua cua cupc khung

hoang nay bieu hien d nhilu mat.

Tang trudng kinh te thap, co nam

cdn bi Slit giam. Binh quan thdi ky

1977- 1980, thu nhap qudc dan

chi tang 0,4%/nam (trong dd nam

1979 giam 2%, nam 1980 giam

1,4%), tha'p xa so vdi tdc dp tang

dan sd (2,31%/nam), lam cho thu

nhap qudc dan binh quan dau

ngudi bi giam manh (binh quan

thdi ky 1977- 1985 chi tang

3,7%/nam). Thu nhap qudc dan

san xuat trong nudc chi dap iing

duoc 80- 90% thu nhap qudc dan

sir dung, chdng nhirng khong cd

tich luy trong nudc ma cdn khong

du tieu dung. Toan bp quy tich luy

va mpt phan quy tieu diing phai

dya vao vien trp va vay no nudc

ngoai. Thu vay np va vien tro cua

nudc ngoai trong nhung nam

1976- 1980 chilm 38,2% tdng thu

ngan sach; trong nhirng nam

1981- 1985 chilm 22,4%; ti'nh

din nam 1985, np nudc ngoai len

den 8,5 ty Riip va 1,9 ty USD. San

xuat tang cham va thyc chat

khong phat trien, nen lam phat

ngam diln ra vdi miic dp ngay

cang cao; ngan sach bi tham hut

va phai bii ddp bdng viec in tiln ra

dl chi tieu; lai gap sai lam "gia￾luong - tiln" nam 1985, nen sieu

lam phat diln ra vao nam 1986

vdi tdc dp phi ma, len tdi 774,7%

va keo dai d miic 3, rdi hai chii sd

cho den nhiing nam 1990- 1991.

That nghiep cao, ty le len din

12,7% tdng sd lao dpng ciia ca

nudc vao cudi thap ky 80.

Nhd dudng ldi ddi mdi, ciing

vdi san xuat luong thyc dat kit

qua than ky, dau tho dupe khai

thac,...; nhd ITnh vyc tai chinh,

tiln te cd cac bien phap chdng

lam phat quylt liet (vdi phuong

cham ddi vdi ngan sach thi thu la'y

ma chi, ddi vdi ngan hang thi vay

lay ma cho vay), khong phat hanh

tiln cho chi tieu ngan sach va cho

vay, dua lai suat huy dpng len den

13%/thang de hiit tiln vl.

Do cd sy ling phd vdi nhiing

budc di thich hcfp, sau thdi ky nay,

tang trudng kinh te da cao len.

Neu binh quan thdi ky 1986-

1990 tang trudng kinh tl dat

4,44%/nam, thi tit 1992 den 1997

da lien tuc dat tren 8%. Lam phat

da giam manh (neu nam 1990,

1991 cdn d miic tren 67%, thi

.4C

Thue Nhd Nuac* s o 16+17(278-2^9)-KY4/4+1/5/2010