Về quy trình lồng ghép các yếu tố môi trường và biển đổi khí hậu vào các quy hoạch, kế hoạch và chương trình phát triển

Phaàn II. Moâi tröôøng vaø bieán ñoåi khí haäu 149

Tröông Quang Hoïc

Trung taâm Nghieân cöùu Taøi nguyeân vaø Moâi tröôøng, ÑHQGHN

VEÀ QUY TRÌNH LOÀNG GHEÙP CAÙC YEÁU TOÁ MOÂI TRÖÔØNG

VAØ BIEÁN ÑOÅI KHÍ HAÄU VAØO CAÙC QUY HOAÏCH,

KEÁ HOAÏCH VAØ CHÖÔNG TRÌNH PHAÙT TRIEÅN

ABSTRACT

Climate change, with its resultant phenomena global warming and rising sea levels, is seen as

one of the biggest challenges for mankind during the 21st century. Vietnam is one of the coun￾tries set to experience the most severe impacts from climate change. Therefore, adaptation

to and mitigation of climate change impact has now become a priority task, both in the long

term and in the short term, for Viet Nam.

Climate change is of central concern for sustainable development, impacting on all regions, areas

and fields throughout the world. Thus, climate change adaptation must be addressed in an aligned

national program/plan and in close cooperation with the global community so as to protect our

common shelter - the Earth - on which the most valuable resource - human beings - are living.

Based on analyzing results and experiences of previous programs/projects such as the

Vietnam - Sweden Cooperation Programme on Strengthening Environmental Management

and Land Administration (SEMLA), the Poverty and Environment Project at MONRE, and oth￾ers, a procedure of 6 stages for mainstreaming environmental and climate change issues into

development planning, plans, programs and projects has been proposed. The procedure gen￾erally is based on a new version of the MONRE/SEMLA General Technical Guidance on

Strategic Environmental Assessments which includes the integration of climate change adap￾tation and mitigation into the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) process.

ÑAËT VAÁN ÑEÀ

Chuùng ta ñang soáng trong nhöõng thaäp kyû ñaàu cuûa theá kyû 21 vôùi 3 ñaëc tröng noåi baät: i) Phaùt trieån beàn

vöõng (PTBV) ñaõ trôû thaønh chieán löôïc phaùt trieån cuûa toaøn theá giôùi; ii) Hoäi nhaäp vaø toaøn caàu hoùa; vaø iii)

Bieán ñoåi khí haäu (BÑKH) ñaõ trôû thaønh thaùch thöùc lôùn nhaát cho toaøn nhaân loaïi trong theá kyû 21.

Trong boái caûnh ñoù, moãi quoác gia caàn löïa choïn ñeå ñònh ra caùc chieán löôïc phaùt trieån phuø hôïp theo nguyeân

taéc “Suy nghó toaøn caàu, haønh ñoäng ñòa phöông”.

Vieät Nam laø moät trong caùc nöôùc ngheøo ñang phaùt trieån, laïi ñöôïc döï ñoaùn laø moät trong soá 5 quoác gia

seõ bò taùc ñoäng naëng neà nhaát cuûa BÑKH. Trong hoaøn caûnh ñoù, cuøng vôùi söï phaùt trieån “nhanh” vaø “noùng”

cuûa neàn kinh teá, oâ nhieãm moâi tröôøng ñang trôû neân ngaøy caøng böùc xuùc, nhaát laø ôû ñoâ thò vaø caùc khu coâng

nghieäp ñang gia taêng moät caùch nhanh choùng. Ñaëc bieät, taùc ñoäng tieàm aån cuûa bieán ñoåi khí haäu ñang trôû

thaønh moät vaán ñeà noùng boûng, ñe doïa söï PTBV cuûa caû ñaát nöôùc. Vì vaäy, vaán ñeà ñaët ra ñoái vôùi chuùng ta

hieän nay laø laøm theá naøo ñeå vöøa giöõ ñöôïc söï taêng tröôûng kinh teá cao, vöøa baûo veä ñöôïc moâi tröôøng, vöøa

öùng phoù coù hieäu quaû vôùi taùc ñoäng cuûa BÑKH ñeå phaùt trieån beàn vöõng nhö vaên kieän Ñaïi hoäi ñaïi bieåu toaøn

quoác Laàn thöù X cuûa Ñaûng ñaõ chæ ra.