Ưu thế lai về sinh trưởng cùa giống tràm lai trồng khảo nghiệm trên đất cát cố định ở Quảng Trị

KHOA HOC CONG NGHE

U U THE LAI VE SBI\IH TRUCri\IG CUA Gldl\IG TRAIVI LAI

TR6I\J G KHA O I\IGHIEIVI TREI\ I DA T CA T CO DimH Q

QUAI\JG TR |

T6MTAT

Hoang VQ Thor', Nguyin Vi6t Cudng^

Ket qua khao nghiem tram lai tai Quang Trj cho thay, trong sd nhom cac to hpp lai gdm: LCa, VL, CaL, QL,

LV, VCa, QV, CaV, QCa, thi nhom LCa co ty le song cao nhat (87,5%) va sinh truong chieu cao dat tri so lon

nhat (3,06 m); nhom QCa co ty le sdng thap nhat (73,3%) va sinh truong chieu cao voi tri sd be nhat (2,06

m). 6 tudi 3 trong tai Quang Tri, cac td hop lai V43L24, V43L4, L7Ca61, L22V43, L22Ca61 co tdc do sinh

truong chieu cao trung bmh chi dat 0,65, 0,64, 0,60, 0,61. 0,53 m/nam tuong ung, trong khi so lieu nay a

Ninh Binh la 1,50, 1,28, 1,49, 1,37, 1,40 m/nam. Sau 4 nam trdng khao nghiem tai Quang Tri, cac to hpp lai

gom: L7Ca61, L22Ca61, L16Ca61, L42Ca61, L39Ca61, L7V66, L22V66 luon luon the hien uu the lai duong ve

tat ca cac chi tieu so sanh. Sau 4 nam khao nghiem tai Quang Tri, tir 51 td hop tram lai da chpn dupe 16 td

hpp lai CO chi sd the tich than cay vu'pt bd me tot nhat 41,4 - 288.7%; 5 td hpp lai vupt bd me tdt nhat tren

20% ve ty le sdng; 3 to hpp lai xuat sac (L7Ca61, L22Ca61 va L16Ca61) vupt tren 20% so voi bd me tot nhat

ve tat ca cac chi tieu so sanh, trong do chpn dupe 5 ca the cay lai tdt nhat. Day la nhung vat lieu co gia tri

cho cac buoc chon tao gidng tiep theo, gop phan cung cap gidng cay rimg moi co chat lupng cao cho trdng

rimg, nhat la trong rimg tren dat cat co dieu kien tuong tu.

Tirkhba: Uu the lai ve sinh trudng, gidng tram lai.

I.DATVANDE

Trong nghien cun di trayln va chgn gidng uu

fhl lai, gil tri uu fhl lai giiip ngudi nghien cun nhanh

chong xac dinh dugc con lai tdt nhlt dl dua vao sir

dung. Tuy nhien, ddi voi cay ning thi khong phai

phep lai nao giua hai bd me cung thu dugc con lai co

un fhl lai vl sinh tradng, do rlt khd tao dugc ddng

thuIn trade khi lai gidng.

Nhilu nghien ciin cho fhly, cay lai dugc tao ra co

the vu'gt trgi so voi bd me (uu the lai duong), song cung

CO the chi dat gil tri trang binh giua hai bd me (un fhl

lai tiling gian) hoac th|m chi kem hon bd me chung

(uu the lai am). Thong thudng un the lai chiu sir kiem

soat chat che cua nhan td di trayln, anh hudng ciia giai

doan phlt triln cl the va phu thugc rat nhilu vio dilu

kien m6i traong. Dudi dilu kien moi tiirdng thuan lgi

thuong un the lai the hien ro ret hon dudi dilu kien m6i

hu6ngbltlgi[l],[2],[3], [4].

Vay dudi dilu kien lap dia la dat cat cd dinh,

ngheo dinh duong nhu d HIi Lang - QuIng Tri thi sir

the hien un fhl lai vl sinh tradng cua nhung cay

trim lai se ra sao? Kef qui nghien ciin dat dugc duoi

day phln nao lam sang td van dl neu tren.

' Truong Dai hpc Lam nghiep

" Vien Khoa hpc Lam nghiep

II. VAT UEU, OIA DIEM VA PHUONG PIIAP NGHIEN CUU

1. V|t lilu nghien eiiu

Tham gia khIo nghiem co 64 c6ng thiic, gdm 51

td hgp lai la kit qui lai nhan tao cua 4 loai Melaleuca

leucadendra (ki hieu la L), M. cajuputi (ki hieu la

Ca), M. viridiflora (ki hieu II V) va M. quinquenervia

(ki hieu la Q), 13 cong thirc ddi chimg II hau the d c

loai bd me va gidng sin xult.

2. Dia dilm noi khIo nghi6m

Dia dilm thi nghiem co tga do dia ly: 16,83 Vi do

Bac, 107,08 Kinh do Dong, thudc xa HIi Xuan, huyen

Hai Lang, tinh Quang Tri. Khao nghiem thuc hien

vao thing 11/2004, tren dien tich 1,0 ha. Dilu kien

lap dia la dat bai d t cd dinh, dia hinh tuong ddi bing

phlng, do cao khoang 4 m so vdi muc nude bien. Noi

khIo nghiem co lugng mua binh quan nam 2375,6

mm, lugng bdc hoi nude 1508,6 mm, nhiet do binh

quan nam II 24,8°C.

Kit qui phan tich trong phong cho thIy, dlt co

phan ung hoi chua (pH = 4,8 - 5,0), rat ngheo dinh

duong (mun 0,05%), ham lugng dam (0,004%) va lan

dl tieu deu thap (P2O5 = 1,18 - 1,52 mg/lOOg dat).

Tinh theo khdi lugng dat kho kiet, fhanh phln cap

hat 2 - 0,02 mm chiem 96 - 98%; thanh phln d p bat <

0,002 mm chilm (0%).

NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO 1 - THANG 1 /2010 107