Using Landsat Vegetation Indices In Quantifying Coastal Mangrove Cover In Thai Thuy District Thai Binh Province

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

VIETNAM NATIONAL FORESTRY UNIVERSITY

STUDENT THESIS PROPOSAL

Title

Using Landsat Vegetation Indices in quantifying coastal

mangrove cover in Thai Thuy District, Thai Binh Province

Major: Natural Resources Management

Code: D850101

Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management

Student: Tran Duy Binh Student ID:1253092057

Class: K57 Natural Resources Management Course: 2012 – 2016

Advanced Education Program

Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA

Supervisor: Dr. Nguyen Hai Hoa

Co-supervisor:

Ha Noi, 10/2016

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This thesis would not have been possible without the support and help from my

teachers, friends, families and several people. I would like to express our special

appreciation of following people who supported me with my sincere gratitude:

I would like to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to my supervisor Dr. Hai￾Hoa Nguyen for his untiring and excellent guidance, valuable suggestions in my dilemmas.

His comments and advices have helped me to finish my thesis.

I am also thankful to Prof. Lee MacDonald for his enthusiasm in guiding me to

construct thesis proposal. His comments and criticism on my proposal helped me to present

better final thesis.

Further, I would like to thank the Department of Natural Resources and Environment

in Thai Thuy district for support and giving me the chance to study in Thai Thuy District.

Besides, I also thank the local authorities and farmers in three communes namely: Thuy

Truong, Thuy Xuan and Thuy Hai for providing valuable information and data of the area.

I wish to thank the Center of Laboratory and Practice of Vietnam Forestry University

for providing me with survey instrument (GPS Garmin) for field survey. I also thank my

friends for their enthusiastic help in the process collected data in field survey.

Last but not least, my everlasting gratitude goes to my parents who always

encouraged and supporting me all the time.

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

CONTENTS

ACRONYMS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES AND DIAGRAMS

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................... 5

2.1. GLOBAL MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MANGROVES ..................................... 5

2.2. COASTAL MANGROVES MANAGEMENT IN VIET NAM .................................. 8

2.3. MANGROVE CHANGE AND METHODS............................................................. 10

2.4. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY................................................................................... 10

CHAPTER III. OBJECTIVES, CONTENTS AND METHODOLOGY .................... 12

3.1. GOAL AND OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................... 12

3.1.1. Overall goal........................................................................................................... 12

3.1.2. Research objectives ............................................................................................... 12

3.2. RESEARCH CONTENTS ........................................................................................ 12

3.2.1. Investigate spatial distribution characteristics and management schemes of coastal

mangroves in Thai Thuy District, Thai Binh province. ..................................................... 12

3.2.2. Quantify changes in coastal mangrove extents in Thai Thuy district during 2001 -

2016................................................................................................................................ 13

3.2.3. Identify key drivers of changes in coastal mangrove extents in Thai Thuy district

during 2001 – 2016. ........................................................................................................ 13

3.2.4. Propose solutions for better management of coastal mangroves in Thai Thuy district..... 13

3.3. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................... 13

3.3.1. Secondary data collection:..................................................................................... 13

3.3.2. Quantification of coastal mangrove changes.......................................................... 13

3.3.3. Field data collection .............................................................................................. 17

3.4. Calculation of Vegetation indices ............................................................................. 18

3.4.1. NDVI calculation................................................................................................... 18

3.4.2. Difference Vegetation Index (DVI):........................................................................ 19

3.4.3. Ratio-based Vegetation Indices:............................................................................. 19

3.4.4. IPVI:...................................................................................................................... 20

3.4.5. SAVI:..................................................................................................................... 20

CHAPTER IV. NATURAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ........ 21

4.1. NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................... 21

4.1.1. Geography............................................................................................................. 21

4.1.2. Terrain .................................................................................................................. 21

4.1.3. Climate.................................................................................................................. 22

4.1.4. Land condition in Thai Thuy .................................................................................. 23

4.2. SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................. 23

4.2.1. Social characteristics............................................................................................. 23

4.2.2. Economic characteristics....................................................................................... 24

4.2.3. District production and commercial results ........................................................... 26

4.3. COASTAL MANGROVES ...................................................................................... 26

CHAPTER V.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ............................................................. 28

5.1. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL MANGROVES ... 28

5.1.1. Spatial distribution of coastal mangroves .............................................................. 28

5.1.2. Management schemes of coastal mangroves .......................................................... 29

5.2. HISTORICAL CHANGES IN COASTAL MANGROVE EXTENTS ...................... 31

5.2.1 Mangrove extents using various vegetation indices................................................. 31

5.3. KEY DRIVERS OF COASTAL MANGROVES CHANGES ................................... 36

5.4. SOLUTIONS FOR BETTER COASTAL MANGROVES MANAGEMENT ........... 38

CHAPTER VI. CONCLUSION AND FURTHER STUDY ......................................... 40

6.1. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................ 40

6.2. EXISTANCE AND FUTHER OF STUDY ............................................................... 41

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

ACRONYMS

FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization

JICA – Japan International Cooperation Agency

GIS – Geographic Information System

MONRE – Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

MARD – Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development

GPS – Global Positioning System

UNICEF – The United Nation Children’s Fund

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1: Landsat and Sentinel Data used for detecting changes in coastal mangroves. .. 14

Table 3.2: Equation of Vegetation Indices used for mangrove mapping ........................... 14

Table 4.1: Climate characteristics .................................................................................... 22

Table 4.2: Traffic system in Thai Thuy district. ............................................................... 24

Table 4.3: Key indicators of Thai Thuy district economy during 2005 – 2010. ................ 26

Table 5.1: Values of Vegetation indices calculated from 2001 to 2016. ........................... 31

Table 5.3: The result of table comparing the percent of accurate in 5 vegetation index (%) ... 33

Table 5.4: Changes in mangrove extents different periods: 2001– 2006; 2006 – 2011; and

2011 – 2016..................................................................................................................... 35