Tục trọng xỉ trong văn bản hương ước chữ hán triều tiên thế kỷ xvii, xviii.

TOO TRONG Xi TRONG VAN BAN HUONG IfAC CHUT HAN TRIEU TIEN

THE KY XVll, XVIII

7ir bao ddi nay, con ngudi ludn sdng

trong nhtrng don vj tu cu, ddn ddn

nhung dan vi tu cu dy dugc djnh danh la

lang. Khi nha nudc ra ddi, lang trd thanh

don vj hanh chinh vdi tinh tu quan cdp co sd

cua nha nudc. Song song vdi qua trinh binh

thanh va xuat hien lang, van hda lang cung

ra ddi. Mdt trong nhtrng bilu hien cao quy

ciia van hda lang la tuc trgng xi. Xi M,

nguyen nghia Han Viet la rang, ngudi it rang

la ngudi gia. Trgng xi, trgng ngudi gia,

ngudi sd btru tri thiic kinh nghiem sdng va

lao ddng san xuat. Ngudn gdc sau xa ciia nd

CO xuat phat diem tir co tang nen san xudt

ndng nghiep. Ben canh tinh can cii chju khd,

ngudi dan ludn trdng chd vao sir uu dai ciia

thien nhien. Mdi do den miia, ngudi ta deu

cau cho mua thuan gid hda, nhung de dugc

toai nguyen ma chi dua vao cau ciing khdng

thi chua han, yeu cau thiet yeu nhat la hg

phai nam bat dugc quy luat chuyen miia cua

tu nhien. Va nhu the, chi cd ngudi gia mdi

tich luy dugc vdn kinh nghiem nay sau qua

trinh vat va vdi thdi gian. Ngudi cao tudi bat

dau trd thanh tru cdt cho nilm tin, sir hanh

dien va Idng tdn trgng ciia dan lang.

Chju anh hudng sau dam tir nhung triet ly

Nho giao ciia Trung Qudc, trong quan niem

ciia ngudi Trilu Tien va ngudi Viet Nam

xua kia ludn ludn tdn tai hai khai niem ddi

lap nhau: "xi tudc " (tudc phdm nhd tudi tac)

con ggi la "thiin tudc " va "quan tudc "(tudc

phdm nhd quan trudng), hay dan gian truyen

Th?ic sT, Giang vien Dai hpc Dong Thip

Od THj HA THO'

tung cau: "triiu dinh thuang tudc, huang

ddng thuomg xi" (trieu dinh xem trgng chiic

tudc, huong dang xem trgng tuli tac). Tuc

trgng xi bat dau dugc dinh binh ddn vdi sir

hinb thanh va phat trien van hda lang. Tiiy

theo dieu kien, quan niem ciia timg dan tgc

ma nd dugc bieu hien khac nhau. Theo nhjp

sdng cua xa hdi hien dai, bieu bien ciia nd cd

phan md nhat, co hd bj xe toac bdi ldi song

phdng tiing cua Idp tre, tham chi la sir meo

md nhan each dang trd thanh van de gay

nbiic nhdi cho nen giao due nudc nha. Dau

vet cdn sdt lai ma ngay nay chiing ta cd the

khao ciiu dugc rd rang nhat la cac van ban

huong udc chtr Han trong tirng giai doan

ljch sii nhat djnh.

Trong pham vi bai viet nay, chiing tdi

chgn hai van ban huong udc chii Han cua

Trieu Tien the ky XVII va mdt van ban d the

ky XVIII lam tu lieu dan chiing, cu the la:

- An Ddng huang ude viet nam 1602

- Mat Duang huang irdc viet nam 1648

- Bdn Khe huang udc viet giiia the ky

XVIII

Trudc het, can cii de djnh ra each irng xir

giiia ngudi vdi ngudi la do tudi. Ve van de

nay, ca hai ban huong udc chir Han Trieu

Tien thi ky XVII deu chung mgt quy djnh.

Tac gia van ban khong dua ra do tudi cu the

ma idy tudi ban than lam cdt moc ddi chieu

tudi ddi phuong:

"Ngudi trong huang gdp ddi tudi minh,

minh phdi ddi xit vdi hg nhu cha. Ngudi ldn

han minh mudi tudi phdi ddi xit vdi hg nhu

anh. Ngirdi ldn han minh ndm tudi phdi kinh

NGHIEN CflTU OdNG B^C fl. sd 3(97) 3-2009 69