Tư liệu truyện thơ Thái - Phương tiện giảng dạy phần văn học địa phương khu vực Tây Bắc

NGHIEN CUU & UMG DUNG

TU UEU TRUYEN THO THAI - PHUONG TIEN GIANG DAY

PHAN VAN HOC DIA PHUONG KHU VUC TAY BAC

Vigt Nam la qude gia

cd 54 dan tgc anh em.

Van hpc Viet Nam

khdng chi cau thdnh bdi rieng

van hgc dan tdc Kinh ma cdn

ed sy gdp mat ciia nhiSu bd

phgn van hpc dan tdc it ngudi

khac nhu Tdy, Thai, Mudng,

Hmdng, Ede... Mdt sd phuang

dien cua bg phan van hgc nay

da dugc cac hgc gid quan tdm,

nhung van cd nhiing pham vi

cdn bd ngd, can chii y hon. 6

lanh thd Viet Nam, dan tgc

Thai cu tni tien dja ban rgng

ldn, tii khu vue Tay Bac den

Bac mien Trung. Dan sd ddng

thii nhi so vdi cac dan tdc it

ngudi khac, vdi chft viet rat

sdm, cdng them be day van

hda, ngudi Thai da ddng gdp

cho van hgc nudc nha nhirng

bdng hoa giau huong sac.

Van hpc dja phuong cung

cap cho ngudi hgc nhung dtm

vj kien thiic mang tinh chat bd

sung, phat huy vdn hieu biet,

lam phong phii sang td them

ehuang tiinh chinh khda. Tir

do, giiip hgc sinh hieu biet,

hda nhap ban vdi mdi trudng

phan:

1. Vdn tv^ Thdi

Ngdn ngft, van tu la chdt

lieu xay cat nen nhftng sang

tdc van hgc. Theo nha nghien

ciiu Tran Tn' Doi thi, cho den

nay tren lanh thd Vigt Nam

cd bay dan tdc cd chft viet

CO bao gdm: Kho me, Cham,

Lao, Tay, Niing, Dao, Thai. [2,

tt.212]. Qua vgy, cac tu lieu

luu gift den nay deu khang

djnh: Dan tgc Thai khong chi

cd ngdn ngu ma cdn cd chft

viet tu lau ddi. Hien tgi, can cii

vao Quam to muang (truyen

ke ban mudng), nha nghien

ciiu dua ra hai y kien ve thdi

diim xudt hien vdn tu Thdi.

Y kien thii nhat: Xin trich

toan dogn nhu sau:

"Then da bo trong qua

bau dii thii - cd 330 gidng liia

dudi rugng, 330 giong ca dudi

nudc; cd ca sach nha mo, nha

mgt, sach bdi toan va xem

ngay thang..." [7, tt.54]. Tinh

thdi gian hai tgo dan ngudi

Thai den dat Tay Bac, tuang

lin^ th8 ki thii XI, ngang vdi

trieu Li d nudc ta. Vay, chu

minh dang sdng. Nhd hieu Thai ciing cd the xuat hien

bilt dy, the he tee cd y thiic tim trudc the ki XI, each day ca

hieu, gdp phan gin gift, bao ngan nam rdi.

vp phat huy nhiing gia tri van Y kien thii hai: Xin tdm

hda, ty hao ve que huang xir luge y kien ciia nha nghien

sd minh. Ld mdt thuc the dgc ciiu Cam Trgng nhu sau: An

bipt, van hgc Thdi cd qua trinh

hinh thdnh, vdn ddng, phdt

trien vira ddc lap, dan le vua

la kit qua tdng hda cdc yeu td

ndi ngoai sinh. Tu lieu gdm ba

nha chdu Mudng Mudi ten la

Ld Let sang lam chuc quan ldn

la Xenxa tai Lao, ttong teieu

vua Souvana Khawmphong,

khoang thl ki XIII - XIV. Khi

ThS. Ngd Thi Phu*giig

Trudng Dgi hgc Tdy Bdc

ldm quan tgi day dng da hgc

ldy chft mang ve dgy cho dan

Thdi [7, ttl87]. Ld Let tiiy

chi la thii ITnh cua rieng chau

Mudng Muli, nhung lai la thu

ITnh ciia ngudi Thdi Den - tdc

Thai nam vuong quyen Tay

Bac nudc ta. Theo mde thdi

gian nay nay, chft Thai xuat

hien d Vipt Nam khoang the ki

XIII, trudc do, chu viet Thai

da luu hanh tai Lao. Le duong

nhien, hieu theo each nao thi

chft Thai ciing xuat hien tten

lanh thd Viet Nam kha sdm:

Khoang tir the ki XI den the ki

XIII, gan vdi thdi gian ra ddi

cua chu Ndm dan tpc Kinh.

v l mdu tu Thdi. Chft Thai

xuat hien tuy gan thdi diem

ra ddi cua chft Ndm nhimg

lai khdng gidng vdi dang chft

tugng hinh. Chu Thai giong

mau chft Phan luu hanh rgng

rai d An Dp tii khoang the ki

thii V - VI sau Cdng nguyen.

Saeh Kien vdn tiiu luc (the

ki XV) ciia Le Quy Ddn ghi

chep: "Mdt ddi sdng Da,

phong tuc gidng ngudi Man,

ngudi Lao,... con gai cdn d

nha thi bd xoa tdc hogc bdi

tdc nhgn, da lay chdng thi biii

ngugc len dinh ddu; nhan dan

khdng nhd ngdy sinh thang de;

ngudi chet thi dung phep hda

tang; van ty gidng nhu ngudi

Lao"[3,tt.355].

Trong cudn Vdn hoa Thdi

Vift Nam, nha nghien ciiu

Cam Trgng xdc nhgn: "Tat ca

cac mau ty Thai deu ben re

JVgdV nhdn bai 25/9/2012; Ngay duy?t dang 25/12/2012

TAP CHITHIETBI GIAO DUC-SO 89-01/2013 • 1 5