Từ cấu trúc xã hội đến mô hình lý thuyết của Dahrendorf về mâu thuẫn xã hội

22 Xa hoi hoc so 3 (111), 2010

Tir cAu TRUC xA HOI DEN MO HINH LY THUYET CUA

DAHRENDORF VE MA U THUAN XA HOI

LE NGOC HUNG*

Boi canh xay dflng ly thuyet ve mau thuan xa hoi

Dudng nhu da thanh mpt quy luat, mpt quy trinh la viec xay diing bat ky mpt

ly thuyet nao cung bat dlu tfl viec phe phan mpt hay hdn mpt ly thuyet khac cd lien

quan den dd'i tfldng nghien cflu. Dieu nay the hien ro trong trfldng hdp Dahrondord

dfla ra ly thuyet cua dng ve mau thuln xa hpi lln dlu tien vao nam 1958'. Thflc vay

dng bit dlu khdi cdng xay diing ly thuyet cua minh tfl viec chi ra tim quan trpng va

tinh hudng cd van de cua khai niem mau thuan xa hpi.

Dahrendorf md dlu bai viet "Tien tdi mpt ly thuyet ve mau thuan xa hpi" nam

1958 blng mpt nhan xet rat dung rang: mau thuan xa hpi la mpt chu de thupc loai

trung tam cua khoa hpc xa hpi hpc da dfldc cac tac gia kinh dien la Comte, Marx,

Simmel khdi xUdng nghien cflu vao cuoi the ky trfldc. Vi du Marx da phan tich mau

thuln giai d p trong xa hpi tfl ban chu nghia va chi ra tinh tat yeu cua each mang xa

hpi trdng sfl van dpng va bien ddi xa hpi tfl hinh thai kinh te - xa hpi nay sang hinh

thai kinh te - xa hpi khac. Simmel da ban ve mau thuan vdi tfl each la mpt hieu tfldng

phd bien trong cac tUdng tac xa hpi gifla cac ca nhan va nhdm. Nhflng Dahrendorf

quan sat thay 50 nam sau dd vao khoang gifla the ky 20, khai niem "mau thuan xa

hpi" (Social conflict) mdi xuat hien lai trong xa hpi hpc My. Trang thai lang quen nay,

theo Dahrendorf, dfldc cung co' bdi tham vpng lam ly thuyet phd quat cua Talcott

Parsons trong dd ong mudn thau tdm cac ly thuyet cua Marshall, Durkheim, Pareto,

Weber de ban ve "cac he tho'ng xa hpi". Theo Dahrendorf, tfl nam 1937 den den nam

1959, Parsons da lien tuc cho ring cau hdi ed ban cua xa hpi hpc phai la "Dieu gi gin

ket xa hpi lai vdi nhau?", tflc la cau hdi cua ly thuyet ve sfl tho'ng nha't xa hpi chfl

khdng phai la cau hdi "Dieu gi thflc day xa hpi?", tflc la cau hdi cua ly thuyet ve mau

thuln xa hpi. Tren thflc te, de tra ldi cau hdi ve sfl thdng nhat xa hpi. Parsons da nd Iflc

xay dflng va phat trien tfl ly thuyet phd quat ve cau true hanh dpng den ly thuyet phd

quat ve cac he thdng hanh dpng den ly thuyet phd quat trong xa hpi hpc.

PGS, TS. Vien Xd hgi hgc. Hgc vien Chinh tri • Hdnh chinh qud'c gia H6 Chi Minh.

Diia vao bai cua Ralf Dahrendorf. "Toward a Theory of Social Conflict trong Walter L. Wallace

(Editor). Sociological Theory: An Introduction. Aldine Publishing Company. NY. 1969. Tr. 213 - 226.

Day la bai cung ten cua Ralf Dahrendorf ding lai tii Tap chi Gidi quyet mdu thudn. So 2 nSm 1958.

Do do, CO cd sd de noi rSng Dahrendorf de xua't mo hinh ly thuyet ve mau thuln xa hpi lin diu tien

vao nSm 1958.