Trends in Demographic and Reproductive Health Indicators in Nepal pot

NEPAL TREND REPORT

Trends in Demographic and

Reproductive Health Indicators

in Nepal

Further analysis of the 1996, 2001, and 2006

Demographic and Health Surveys Data

This report presents the findings from a trend analysis undertaken as part of the follow-up to the 2006

Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. Funding was provided by the U.S. Agency for International

Development through the MEASURE DHS project. Macro International provided technical

assistance. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the

views of USAID.

The Demographic and Health Surveys program is designed to collect, analyze, and disseminate data

on fertility, family planning, maternal and child health, nutrition, and HIV/AIDS. Additional

information about the MEASURE DHS project can be obtained from Macro International Inc., DHS

Division, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705 (telephone: 301-572-0200; fax:

301-572-0999; email: [email protected]; internet: www.measuredhs.com).

Suggested citation:

Macro International Inc. 2007. Trends in Demographic and Reproductive Health Indicators in Nepal.

Calverton, Maryland, USA: Macro International Inc.

DHS Trend Report No. 5

Trends in Demographic and

Reproductive Health Indicators

in Nepal

Further analysis of the 1996, 2001, and 2006

Demographic and Health Surveys Data

Anjushree Pradhan

Prakash Dev Pant

New ERA

Kathmandu, Nepal

Pav Govindasamy

Macro International Inc.

Calverton, Maryland USA

December 2007

New ERA

iii

Contents

1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Data Sources ................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Population and Health Policy and Priorities ................................................................. 2

1.3 Millennium Development Goals................................................................................... 3

1.4 Political Changes .......................................................................................................... 5

2 Demographic, Social and Economic Indicators .................................................................... 7

2.1 Population Size ............................................................................................................. 7

2.2 Composition of the Household Population ................................................................... 7

2.3 Educational Attainment ................................................................................................ 9

3 Household Characteristics .................................................................................................... 15

3.1 Housing Characteristics .............................................................................................. 15

3.2 Exposure to Mass Media............................................................................................. 17

4 Fertility ................................................................................................................................... 21

4.1 Fertility Rates.............................................................................................................. 21

4.2 Median Age at First Birth ........................................................................................... 23

4.3 Adolescent Fertility..................................................................................................... 23

5 Marriage Patterns.................................................................................................................. 25

5.1 Never-married Women and Men ................................................................................ 25

5.2 Median Age at First Marriage..................................................................................... 26

5.3 Prevalence of Polygyny .............................................................................................. 27

6 Family Planning ..................................................................................................................... 29

6.1 Knowledge of Family Planning .................................................................................. 29

6.2 Current Use of Family Planning ................................................................................. 29

7 Fertility Preferences............................................................................................................... 33

7.1 Desire for Children ..................................................................................................... 33

7.2 Ideal Family Size ........................................................................................................ 34

7.3 Unmet Need for Family Planning............................................................................... 36

8 Child Health Indicators......................................................................................................... 39

8.1 Early Childhood Mortality.......................................................................................... 39

8.2 Child Immunization .................................................................................................... 42

8.3 Treatment of Childhood Diseases............................................................................... 44

8.4 Nutritional Status of Children..................................................................................... 46

8.4.1 Anemia in Children........................................................................................ 50

9 Maternal Care ........................................................................................................................ 51

9.1 Antenatal Care and TT Coverage ............................................................................... 51

9.2 Place of Delivery and Attendance during Childbirth.................................................. 54

9.3 Nutritional Status ........................................................................................................ 56

9.3.1 Anemia in Women......................................................................................... 58

9.4 Maternal Mortality...................................................................................................... 58

10 HIV/AIDS ............................................................................................................................... 61

10.1 Knowledge on HIV/AIDS .......................................................................................... 61

10.2 Perception about HIV/AIDS....................................................................................... 62

References............................................................................................................................................ 65

v

Figures

Figure 2.1 Percent Distribution of Household Population, by Age Group .................................... 8

Figure 2.2 Percentage of Female-headed Households, by Residence ............................................ 8

Figure 2.3 Average Household Size, by Residence ....................................................................... 9

Figure 2.4 Percentage of Male and Female Household Population Age 6 Years and above

Who Have Ever Attended School................................................................................. 9

Figure 2.5 Percentage of Female and Male Population Age 6 Years and above Who Ever

Attended School, South and Southeast Asia............................................................... 10

Figure 2.6 Net School Attendance Ratios at Primary and Secondary Level,

by Sex of Children ...................................................................................................... 11

Figure 2.7 Percentage of Ever-married Women Age 15-49, by Level of Education ................... 12

Figure 2.8 Percentage of Women of Reproductive Ages with no Education, South

and Southeast Asia...................................................................................................... 13

Figure 3.1 Percentage of Households with Electricity and Piped Drinking Water,

by Residence............................................................................................................... 15

Figure 3.2 Percentage of Households with Access to Electricity, South and Southeast Asia...... 16

Figure 3.3 Percentage of Households with no Toilet, by Residence............................................ 16

Figure 3.4 Percentage of Households with no Toilet, South and Southeast Asia ........................ 17

Figure 3.5 Percentage of Households with a Radio and Television, by Residence ..................... 18

Figure 3.6 Percentage of Ever-married Women Age 15-49 Who Listen to the Radio

and Who Watch Television at Least Once a Week, by Residence ............................. 18

Figure 3.7 Percentage of Women Age 15-49 Who Listen to the Radio at Least

Once a Week, South and Southeast Asia .................................................................... 19

Figure 3.8 Percentage of Women Age 15-49 Who Watch Television at Least

Once a Week, South and Southeast Asia ................................................................... 19

Figure 4.1 Total Fertility Rates, by Residence............................................................................. 21

Figure 4.2 Trends in Age-specific Fertility Rates ........................................................................ 22

Figure 4.3 Total Fertility Rates for women age 15-49 for the 3-year period preceding

the survey, South and Southeast Asia ......................................................................... 22

Figure 4.4 Median Age at First Birth for Women Age 25-49, by Residence............................... 23

Figure 4.5 Percentage of Women 15-19 Who Are Mothers or Pregnant with First Child,

by Residence, Education and Age .............................................................................. 24

Figure 4.6 Adolescent Fertility, South and Southeast Asia.......................................................... 24

Figure 5.1 Percentage of Women and Men Never Married, by Age Group ................................ 25

Figure 5.2 Percentage of Women Never Married, South and Southeast Asia.............................. 26

Figure 5.3 Median Age at First Marriage among Women Age 20-49, by Residence.................. 26

Figure 5.4 Median Age at First Marriage among Women Age 25-49, South and

Southeast Asia............................................................................................................. 27

Figure 5.5 Percentage of Currently Married Women 15-49 in a Polygynous Union,

by Residence............................................................................................................... 28

Figure 6.1 Percentage of Currently Married Women Age 15-49 Using a

Contraceptive Method................................................................................................. 30

Figure 6.2 Percentage of Currently Married Women Age 15-49 Using a

Modern Contraceptive Method, by Residence and Education.................................... 30

Figure 6.3 Percentage of Currently Married Women Age 15-49 Using Any Method

and Modern Contraceptive Method, South and Southeast Asia ................................. 32

Figure 7.1 Percentage of Currently Married Women Age 15-49 Who Want No More

Children, by Residence and Education ....................................................................... 33

Figure 7.2 Percentage of Currently Married Women Age 15-49 Who Want No More

Children, South and Southeast Asia............................................................................ 34

Figure 7.3 Mean Ideal Number of Children for All Women Age 15-49, by Education............... 35